Depression in prison population: Demographic and clinical predictors

Majekodunmi, Oluyinka Emmanuel; Obadeji, Adetunji; Oluwole, Lateef Olutoyin; Oyelami, Raifu Olawoye

doi:10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_32_16

“…Moreover, the cultural values and political contexts of these countries might have contributed to the difference in the prevalence rate of depression among prisoners, as political influence and lack of freedom are major reasons for depression [ 37 ]. On the hand, the present study result is higher than studies done in western countries and some other studies in Ethiopia: Nepal (35.3%) [ 38 ]; a meta-analysis report on global prevalence (36.9%) [ 2 ]; Jimma town, Ethiopia (41.9%) [ 39 ]; Nigeria (41%) [ 40 ]; Debre Birhan, Ethiopia (44%) [ 41 ]; Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (45.5%) [ 24 ]; Norway (46.1) [ 42 ]; and Ecuador (50.2%) [ 43 ]. A meta-analysis study in Ethiopia also reported a pooled prevalence of depression to be 44.5% [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Prisoners in North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tegegne

¹

,

Demeke

²

,

Lemma

³

et al. 2023

Depression Research and Treatment

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Background. Depression is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding and enjoyable activities. It is one of the leading mental disorders among prisoners worldwide. However, little attention is given to this condition, especially in developing countries. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among prisoners in North Wollo Zone Correctional Institutions, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 407 prisoners from November 20 to December 20, 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was utilized to measure the prevalence of depression among prisoners. Data analyses were done using SPSS version 20 software program. Descriptive and inferential statistics including bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were run to assess the association between depression and the independent variables, and a p value of less than 0.05 was taken to declare statistically significant values. Results. A total of 407 prisoners participated in the study, making the response rate 96.9%. The mean age of the participants was 31.7 ± 12.83 . Forty-one percent of them were between the ages of 18 and 27 years. In this study, the prevalence of depression was 55.5%. Age 38-47 ( AOR = 4.29 ; 95 % CI = 1.51 , 12.20), having children ( AOR = 2.75 ; 95 % CI = 1.40 , 5.42), sentences for 5-10 years and over 10 years ( AOR = 6.26 ; 95 % CI = 3.19 , 12.30 and AOR = 7.71 ; 95 % CI = 3.47 , 17.17, respectively), having a history of mental illness ( AOR = 5.22 ; 95 % CI = 2.39 , 11.36), having two or more stressful life events ( AOR = 6.61 ; 95 % CI = 2.73 , 15.96), and poor social support ( AOR = 8.13 ; 95 % CI = 3.43 , 19.27) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusions. In this study, more than half of the study participants were found having depression which is relatively higher compared with other previous studies across the globe. Moreover, different variables including the inmate’s age of 38-47 years, having children, a sentence of 5-10 and over 10 years, history of mental illness, having two or more stressful life events, and poor social support were factors significantly associated with depression. Thus, awareness creation for police officers and prison managers about depression screening in prison and treatment programs including psychological counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy for prisoners are recommended.

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“…Numerous studies have confirmed the positive relationship between depression and physical health problems (Dantzer et al , 2003; Frasure-Smith and Lesperance, 2005; Zięba et al , 2003), which may lead to a decrease in PQoL. Depression and stress are two major psychological problems among prisoners (Birmingham, 2004; Dore, 2010; Drapalski et al , 2009; Majekodunmi et al , 2017). Prisoners should be guaranteed access to psychologists and therapists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ensuring this access seems to be one of the most important factors strengthening offenders’ rehabilitation process. Addressing the mental health needs and problems of prisoners, particularly depression, will benefit not only prisoners themselves but also the larger community (Majekodunmi et al , 2017). Some authors indicate that there are two reasons for providing health care in prisons: the importance of prison health to public health in general; and society’s commitment to social justice (Gatherer et al , 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysical quality of life and its determinants in prisoners: the role of selected psychosocial factors

Skowroński

¹

,

Talik

²

2022

IJPH

0

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Purpose Penal institutions affect their inmates’ mental as well as physical health. Prisoners have higher rates of physical health conditions than the public. While it is known that psychosocial factors determine patients’ quality of life, little research has focused on factors related to prisoners’ psychophysical quality of life (PQoL). The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of prisoners’ PQoL. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 390 prisoners recruited from correctional facilities administered by the Warsaw District Inspectorate of Prisons. This study hypothesized that social support, coherence and self-efficacy would be positive determinants of PQoL and that depression, anxiety and anger would be its negative determinants. The collected data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. Findings The positive determinants of PQoL in prisoners are coherence, self-efficacy and social support. The negative determinant of PQoL is trait depression. Originality/value This study has revealed a list of factors significant for improving prisoners’ PQoL. Factors have also indicated which of the predictors measured are the most significant. The identified set of significant factors should be taken into account in social rehabilitation programs for prisoners as contributing to the preservation of life and health.

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“…In a Nigerian study, Adewuya et al (2018) found a very high relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. In another study comparing the level of depression between categories of inmates (awaiting trials and convicted inmates) at a federal prison in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria, Majekodunmi, Obadeji, Oluwole & Oyelami (2017) found that those inmates awaiting trials were more depressed than convicted inmates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Category of Inmates, Duration of Incarceration and Depression as Determinants of Suicidal Ideation among Prison Inmates in Ibadan, Nigeria

Olapegba

¹

,

Attah

²

,

Uye

³

2019

IJSS

0

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Suicidal ideation is the thought of one taking one’s life or thinking about suicide without actually making plans to do so. It is currently one of the major problems in the society. Statistics have shown that the rate of suicide has been on the increase especially among prison inmates worldwide. In this study, therefore, the influence of category of inmates, duration of incarceration and suicidal ideation among prisons in Ibadan, Nigeria was examined. Two hundred and ninety-seven inmates (290 males and 7 females) in Agodi prison in Ibadan were accidentally sampled. A structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, depression (α= 0.81) and suicidal ideation scales (α= 0.86) was used for data collection. Data was analysed using independent t-test and analysis of variance at p= 0.05. Results show that category of inmates had a significant influence on suicidal ideation [t(295) = 4.846, p <0.05]. The convicted inmates scored higher on suicidal ideation (M =29.00) than those awaiting trial (M = 23.45). Also, depression had a significant influence on suicidal ideation [t(295) = 2.36; p <0.05]. Inmates who are depressed scored higher on suicidal ideation (M = 25.98) than inmates who are low on depression (M = 22.93). However, duration of incarceration in prison had no significant influence on suicidal ideation among the inmates sampled. The study shows that rather than the duration of incarceration in prison, category of inmates and depression were the most influential factors that influence suicidal ideation among the inmates in Agodi prison in Ibadan, Nigeria. Policy implications are proffered.

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Depression in prison population: Demographic and clinical predictors

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Prisoners in North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Prisoners in North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychophysical quality of life and its determinants in prisoners: the role of selected psychosocial factors

Category of Inmates, Duration of Incarceration and Depression as Determinants of Suicidal Ideation among Prison Inmates in Ibadan, Nigeria

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