DEPRESSION, DUST BOWL, DEMOGRAPHY, AND DROUGHT: THE COLONIAL STATE AND SOIL CONSERVATION IN EAST AFRICA DURING THE 1930s

Abstract

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Local bureaucrats as bricoleurs. The everyday implementation practices of county environment officers in rural Kenya

“…The result was a conservation discourse, claiming that intervention was needed to enhance African agriculture through measures such as soil conservation and more effective grazing (Anderson 1984;Rocheleau et al 1995). Conveniently, this also legitimized restrictions on African agriculture in favour of settler production (Mackenzie 2000).…”

Colonisation, the New World Order, and the eradication of traditional food habits in East Africa: historical perspective on the nutrition transition

“…Driven from their lands, and denied equitable access to the natural resources, indigenous farmers were typically forced to congregate on small plots of marginal lands, which could not support agriculture [48][49][50] . The seizure of arable lands also resulted in reduced livestock ownership among the indigenous people 50 . This loss of livestock drastically reduced intake of animal protein [50][51][52] .…”

“…The seizure of arable lands also resulted in reduced livestock ownership among the indigenous people 50 . This loss of livestock drastically reduced intake of animal protein [50][51][52] . Inadequate animal protein intake, resulting in a high prevalence of proteinenergy malnutrition among the local, indigenous people of East Africa, has been well documented from the 1960s 53 to the present day 54 .…”

African Landscapes

“…Already in the 1930s and 1940s a veritable discourse on expanding deserts developed (Troll, 1947) . Anderson (2000) showed that in Kenya visions of British administrators on the African savanna in the 1930s were much influenced by their exposure to the American Dust Bowl Introduction during training seminars. Although situations were not strictly comparable they saw the Dust Bowl phenomenon everywhere in northern Kenya and prescribed enforced destocking and restrictive grazing schemes as a measure.…”