Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics

Elbay, Rümeysa Yeni; Kurtulmuş, Ayse; Arpacıoğlu, Selim; Karadere, Mehmet Emrah

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130

Cited by 635 publications

(847 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar to our findings, investigators in China, Italy, and Turkey have reported higher levels of anxiety and depression in female health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3,[10][11][12][13][14] While investigators in Turkey found that having a child was associated with lower anxiety and depression levels, we did not find a similar protective effect of parenthood or differences in any of the other factors that we examined.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Anxiety Levels, Stressors, and Potential Stress Mitigation Measures During the Acceleration Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Rodriguez

Medak

Baumann

et al. 2020

Academic Emergency Medicine

136

155

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Objective The objective was to assess anxiety and burnout levels, home life changes, and measures to relieve stress of U.S. academic emergency medicine (EM) physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic acceleration phase. Methods We sent a cross‐sectional e‐mail survey to all EM physicians at seven academic emergency departments. The survey incorporated items from validated stress scales and assessed perceptions and key elements in the following domains: numbers of suspected COVID‐19 patients, availability of diagnostic testing, levels of home and workplace anxiety, severity of work burnout, identification of stressors, changes in home behaviors, and measures to decrease provider anxiety. Results A total of 426 (56.7%) EM physicians responded. On a scale of 1 to 7 (1 = not at all, 4 = somewhat, and 7 = extremely), the median (interquartile range) reported effect of the pandemic on both work and home stress levels was 5 (4–6). Reported levels of emotional exhaustion/burnout increased from a prepandemic median (IQR) of 3 (2–4) to since the pandemic started a median of 4 (3–6), with a difference in medians of 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.7 to 1.9). Most physicians (90.8%) reported changing their behavior toward family and friends, especially by decreasing signs of affection (76.8%). The most commonly cited measures cited to alleviate stress/anxiety were increasing personal protective equipment (PPE) availability, offering rapid COVID‐19 testing at physician discretion, providing clearer communication about COVID‐19 protocol changes, and assuring that physicians can take leave for care of family and self. Conclusions During the acceleration phase, the COVID‐19 pandemic has induced substantial workplace and home anxiety in academic EM physicians, and their exposure during work has had a major impact on their home lives. Measures cited to decrease stress include enhanced availability of PPE, rapid turnaround testing at provider discretion, and clear communication about COVID‐19 protocol changes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Anxiety Levels, Stressors, and Potential Stress Mitigation Measures During the Acceleration Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Rodriguez

Medak

Baumann

et al. 2020

Academic Emergency Medicine

136

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Based on the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis [ 62 ], exercise might result in the adaptation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis [ 49 , 63 , 64 ], which in turn lead to anxiolytic effects. This suggests that frequent exercisers might benefit from anxiolytic effects of exercise, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future

Chang

Hung

Timme

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated governmental recommendations and restrictions have influenced many aspects of human life, including exercise and mental health. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 7 April and 13 May 2020 (n = 1114). Data on exercise behavior pre and during the pandemic and mood states were collected. A cumulative link model was used to predict changes in exercise frequency during a similar future pandemic by exercise frequency during the pandemic. A linear model was used to predict the influence of exercise frequency before and during the pandemic on mood states during the pandemic. A total of 71.2%, 67.3%, and 58.3% of respondents maintained their exercise intensity, frequency, and duration, respectively, during the pandemic. Frequent exercisers are more likely to maintain their exercise frequency during a similar pandemic (p < 0.001). Higher exercise frequencies during the pandemic were associated with better mood states (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effects of prepandemic exercise frequency on mood states are moderated by changes in exercise frequency during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Additionally, maintenance of exercise frequency during a pandemic specifically for frequent exercisers are recommended to preserve mood states. These results may provide evidence for health policies on exercise promotion and mental health before and during a future pandemic.

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“…Likely those with a more internal locus of control will be more active when using the Internet, but the mental health implications of these are unclear. Finally, we expect greater psychological symptoms among young adults [ 2 , 4 , 8 , 13 , 32 ] and women [ 8 , 11 , 13 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: The Role of Locus on Control and Internet Use

Sigurvinsdóttir

Þórisdóttir

Gylfason

2020

IJERPH

115

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The true extent of the mental health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic are unclear, but early evidence suggests poorer mental health among those exposed to the pandemic. The Internet may have differential effects, by both connecting people with resources, or reinforce the constant checking of negative information. Moreover, locus of control becomes important in an uncontrollable pandemic. The current study aimed to examine whether exposure to COVID-19 would relate to greater symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and to examine the role of internet use and locus of control. Adults in the United States and five European countries (N = 1723) answered an online survey through the website Mturk. Results show elevated psychological symptoms among those who have become infected with COVID-19 or perceive themselves to be at high risk if infected. Experience using the Internet relates to fewer symptoms, but information seeking is associated with more symptoms. Internet social capital relates to fewer symptoms of depression. Having an external locus of control relates to greater symptoms. These findings suggest that public health officials need to focus on the mental health effects of the pandemic, and that internet use and locus of control could be targets to improve mental health in the population.

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Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics

Cited by 635 publications

References 11 publications

Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Anxiety Levels, Stressors, and Potential Stress Mitigation Measures During the Acceleration Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Anxiety Levels, Stressors, and Potential Stress Mitigation Measures During the Acceleration Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future

The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: The Role of Locus on Control and Internet Use

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