Depression and substance use in two divergent high school cultures: A quantitative and qualitative analysis

Way, Niobe; Stauber, H.; Nakkula, Michael J.; London, Perry

doi:10.1007/bf01536723

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Way and colleagues examined substance use in relation to self-reported depression among middle-class, suburban youth, as compared to lower-class teens in inner-city areas (Way, Stauber, Nakkula, & London, 1994). Quantitative analyses indicated positive links between substance use and depression among the suburban teens but not among their inner-city counterparts.…”

Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, their profiles by no means connote a benign abstemiousness. Many of these youngsters experience fears that are potentially highly upsetting, stemming from their exposure to significant others' suffering the effects of drug addiction (Way et al, 1994). Second, the long-term ramifications of even trivial experimentation with drugs can be far more serious for disadvantaged and minority youth than others.…”

Section: Treatment and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contextual factors in substance use: A study of suburban and inner-city adolescents

1999

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Objectives in this research were to examine contextual differences in correlates of substance use among high school students. The focus was on two broad categories of adjustment indices: personal psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing problems) and behaviors reflecting social competence (academic achievement, teacher-rated classroom behaviors, and peer acceptance or rejection). Associations between drug use and each of these constructs were examined in two sociodemographically disparate groups: teens from affluent, suburban families (n = 264), and low socioeconomic status adolescents from inner-city settings (n = 224). Results indicated that suburban youth reported significantly higher levels of substance use than inner-city youth. In addition, their substance use was more strongly linked with subjectively perceived maladjustment indices. Comparable negative associations involving grades and teacher-rated behaviors were found in both groups, and among suburban males only, substance use showed robust positive associations with acceptance by peers. Results are discussed in terms of developmental perspectives on adolescent deviance, contextual socializing forces, and implications for preventive interventions and treatment.Substance use among American adolescents has remained at alarmingly high levels across the last several decades (Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 1998). Epidemiological research indicates that after years of general decline, use of alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, and other drugs by teens escalated around 1990, and has yet to resume a significant downward trend (McMahon & Luthar, in press).Feelings of subjective inner distress are frequently implicated in adolescents' use of substances, as indicated by the frequent co-occurrence of chemical dependency disorders with other psychiatric diagnoses (Anthony, Warner, & Kessler, 1994; Warner, Kessler, Hughs, Anthony, & Nelson, 1995). Among youth in treatment for substance abuse, researchers have established that between 25 and 50% have at least one comorbid psychiatric diagnosis of a major depressive disorder (Bukstein, Glancy, & Kaminer, 1992;Deykin, Buka, & Zeena, 1992;Stowell & Estroff, 1992).Aside from affective disorders, anxiety disorders constitute another category of disturbed affect potentially implicated in adolescent substance use, although evidence in this regard has been less consistent. Results of a recent epidemiological study showed that whereas depression in youth served as a risk factor for substance use, anxiety symptoms did not (Costello, Erkanli, Federman, & Angold, in press). By contrast, Christie et al. (1988) reported a doubling of risk for subsequent drug use disorder in young adults who had an earlier disorder in either the anxiety or depressive categories. Daily cigarette smoking has also been found to be linked with an increased risk for anxiety disorders (Kandel et al., 1997), and the use of street drugs was reported to be a significant factor in discriminating between high-versus low-anxiety adolescents (Bern...

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Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contextual factors in substance use: A study of suburban and inner-city adolescents

1999

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“…By the 12th grade, on the other hand, high-SES youth reported the highest rate of several drugs, including marijuana, inhalants, and tranquilizers. Regarding correlates of drug use, Way, Stauber, Nakkula, and London (1994) found, as did Luthar and D'Avanzo (1999), that high-SES youth (but not their inner-city counterparts) often used substances in efforts to alleviate emotional distress. Similarly, Cooper (1994) noted that among adolescent boys in general, more so than girls, alcohol use is often tied to social conformity motives such as drinking to fit in with a crowd, and Feldman, Rosenthal, Brown, and Canning (1995) showed that popular preadolescent boys were among those most prone to partying and heavy drinking later as high school students.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Culture of Affluence: Psychological Costs of Material Wealth

2003

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Children of affluence are generally presumed to be at low risk. However, recent studies have suggested problems in several domains-notably, substance use, anxiety, and depression-and 2 sets of potential causes: pressures to achieve and isolation from parents. Recognizing the limited awareness of these issues, the objectives in this paper are to collate evidence on the nature of problems among the wealthy and their likely causes. The first half of the paper is focused on disturbances among affluent children and the second half is focused on characteristics of their families and neighborhoods. Widespread negative sentiments toward the rich are then discussed, and the paper concludes with suggestions for future work with families at the upper end of the socioeconomic spectrum.

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“…All students completed the Risk and Prevention Questionnaire (Rap-Q) and The Hemmingway: Measure of Adolescent Connectedness during one class period. (Nakkula & Karcher, 1999;Way, Stauber, Nakkula, & London, 1994). This survey provided demographic information such as sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), and how often youth had moved in the past year.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Connectedness Contributes to Experimental Smoking Among Rural Youth: Developmental and Ecological Analyses

Karcher

Finn

2005

J Primary Prevent

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Depression and substance use in two divergent high school cultures: A quantitative and qualitative analysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Contextual factors in substance use: A study of suburban and inner-city adolescents

Contextual factors in substance use: A study of suburban and inner-city adolescents

The Culture of Affluence: Psychological Costs of Material Wealth

How Connectedness Contributes to Experimental Smoking Among Rural Youth: Developmental and Ecological Analyses

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