Depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: the potential role of metabolic factors

Schmitz, N.; Deschênes, Sonya S.; Burns, Rachel J.; Smith, Kimberley J.; Lesage, Alain; Strychar, Irène; Rabasa‐Lhoret, Rémi; Freitas, Cassandra; Graham, Eva; Awadalla, Philip; Wang, J L

doi:10.1038/mp.2016.7

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…18,19,25 Central obesity was defined as having waist circumference of greater than or equal to 94 cm for European men and greater than or equal to 80 cm for European women. These risk factors were chosen as they have been used in previous work to identify cardiometabolic abnormalities.…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These risk factors were chosen as they have been used in previous work to identify cardiometabolic abnormalities. 18,19,25 Central obesity was defined as having waist circumference of greater than or equal to 94 cm for European men and greater than or equal to 80 cm for European women. Raised triglycerides were greater than or equal to 1.7 mmol/L and reduced HDL cholesterol is less than 1.0 mmol/L in males and and less than 1.3 mmol/L in females.…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 This comorbidity is associated with lifestyle and health-related risk factors (eg, poor self-care) for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. 18,19 These cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have been shown to be risk factors for development of future dementia. 20 Furthermore, work shows that co-occurring cardiometabolic abnormalities and depressive symptoms are risk factors for cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study using the English longitudinal study of ageing

Kontari

Smith

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives Depression and cardiometabolic abnormalities are independently associated with a high risk of dementia. This study aimed to examine the association of comorbid depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic abnormalities with risk of dementia. Methods The sample comprised 4859 participants aged 50 or older without baseline dementia who took part in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (waves 2‐7). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression tool. Cardiometabolic abnormalities were defined as three or more cardiometabolic risk factors (inflammation, central obesity, raised triglycerides, low high‐density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia or diabetes). Participants were classified into four groups based on presence of depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic abnormalities. Results were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for covariates. Results A total of 216 cases of incident dementia were reported over 10 years of follow‐up. The group with high depressive symptoms only had an increased hazard of developing incident dementia during follow‐up (HR = 2.68; 95%CI, 1.70‐4.23), which was attenuated after adjustment for baseline cognition. No evidence was found for an association of overall cardiometabolic abnormalities with incident dementia; though hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity with depressive symptoms had an unadjusted association with incident dementia. Only low‐HDL cholesterol with depressive symptoms had an adjusted association with incident dementia (HR = 0.18; 95%CI, 0.04‐0.75). Conclusions This work confirms depressive symptoms as a risk factor for incident dementia. However, low HDL‐cholesterol with depressive symptoms may be protective against dementia, though more work is required to confirm this association.

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Section: Cardiometabolic Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiometabolic Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study using the English longitudinal study of ageing

Kontari

Smith

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…One analysis of prospective longitudinal studies found that depression is associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, accounting for a 60% increased risk. However, in another longitudinal study, higher risk of incident diabetes was only observed in those individuals with both depressive symptoms and metabolic dysregulation, but not in those with depressive symptoms and without metabolic dysregulation. A meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies reported a 25% increased risk of incident depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal investigation of the reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control: The moderation effects of sex and perceived support

Chiu

2018

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction The present study investigated the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in nationally representative adults with type 2 diabetes, and tested the effects of sex and perceived family support in moderating this association. Materials and Methods In this longitudinal study of middle‐aged and older adults who participated in the 2002 and 2006 Health and Retirement Study, and the 2003 and 2006 Diabetes Study ( n = 398), we applied a cross‐lagged structural equation model to examine the reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control over a 3‐year period. Results Men and women were not different in terms of the depressive symptoms and glycemic control relationship, with a stronger association noted for higher depressive symptom scores predicting worse glycemic control (β = 0.22, critical ratio 3.03), as opposed to worse glycemic control predicting higher depressive symptom scores. Family and friend support for diabetes self‐management serves as an important buffer. In patients with low family and friend support, more depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with subsequent worse glycemic levels (β = 0.36, critical ratio 4.03). In contrast, in individuals who had strong support, depressive symptoms did not predict subsequent glycemic control. Conclusions The present study provided evidence for the relationship between glycemic control and depression, finding that depressive symptoms predicted poorly controlled glycemic status, especially when the participants perceived inadequate support from their family or friends. A quick survey in clinics to assess the level of family or friend support for diabetes management and depressive symptoms might be an important part of individualized diabetic care.

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“…A recent meta-analysis has suggested that the risk of type 2 diabetes is greatest among individuals with both elevated depressive symptoms and metabolic dysregulation relative to individuals with only depressive symptoms, a group whose risk was similar to individuals without either depressive symptoms or metabolic dysregulation [56]. Studies have reported that the presence of depression increases threefold the odds that patients will be noncompliant with medical treatment recommendations [57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Adults: the Moderating Effects of Depressive Symptom Severity, Adiposity, and Sex

2017

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Purpose We examined the relation of alcohol consumption to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) as a function of depressive symptoms, adiposity, and sex. Method Healthy adults (aged 18–65 years) provided fasting blood samples and information on lifestyle factors. Alcohol intake was categorized as never, infrequent (1–3 drinks/month), occasional (1–7 drinks/week), and regular (≥2 drinks/day) drinkers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess symptom severity. Primary out-comes were fasting insulin, glucose, and IR assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results In univariate analysis, alcohol consumption was negatively associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.03), insulin (p = 0.007), and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.04), but not with glucose or BDI. Adjusting for potential confounders including BMI, alcohol consumption was associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) and insulin (p = 0.009) as a function of BDI and sex. For women with minimal depressive symptoms, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower HOMA-IR and insulin. Alcohol consumption was not associated with metabolic markers in women with higher depressive symptoms and in men. In analysis using BMI as a continuous moderator, alcohol consumption was only associated with insulin (p = 0.004). Post-hoc comparisons between BMI groups (<25 vs ≥25 kg/m2) revealed that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower insulin but only in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Conclusions The benefits of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on fasting insulin and IR are sex dimorphic and appear to be independently moderated by adiposity and depressive symptom severity.

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Depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: the potential role of metabolic factors

Cited by 51 publications

References 43 publications

Risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study using the English longitudinal study of ageing

Risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study using the English longitudinal study of ageing

Longitudinal investigation of the reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control: The moderation effects of sex and perceived support

The Relation of Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Adults: the Moderating Effects of Depressive Symptom Severity, Adiposity, and Sex

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