Depression and memory impairment: A meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity.

Burt, Diana B.; Zembar, Mary Jo; Niederehe, George

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.285

Cited by 796 publications

(581 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…In addition, the more severe depressive symptoms were, the poorer visual memory was. This result is similar to previous research findings that depressive patients had lower language learning and memory test results than those without depression and showed the most consistent lack especially in cognitive tasks involving concentration, work memory and decision-making [28]. Since emotions can reinforce the selection of a behavior negatively or positively and play an important role in memory [25], depression is thought to have influenced visual memory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Analyzing Factors Affecting Cognitive Function in the Elderly using Computerized Neurocognitive Tests

Shim

Kang

2017

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive function in the elderly and to identify the influencing factors. Methods: The design of this study was descriptive research design. A total of 139 elderly people (aged 65 years and over) visiting the electroencephalogram (EEG) center in Seoul, Korea were evaluated. Data were assessed by self-administered questionnaires and CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Windows. Results: There were significant differences in the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), executive functions and reasoning according to education level. K-MMSE, visual memory and executive functions were different depending on the jobs. Age was highly correlated with cognitive function. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the factor significantly associated with reaction time and visual memory was depression. Depression and Trait-Anxiety had significant impacts on executive functions and K-MMSE. Conclusion: CNSVS enabled the accurate and objective measurement of cognitive function. Therefore, this study provides useful data to improve cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly. The results suggested that there is need for comprehensive interventional programs that manage cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Analyzing Factors Affecting Cognitive Function in the Elderly using Computerized Neurocognitive Tests

Shim

Kang

2017

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs

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“…Diminished ability to attend or concentrate is a diagnostic criterion of DSM-IV major depressive episode, which reflects cognitive impairments including learning and long-term memory, and deficits in working memory (short-term memory) and selective attention (Burt et al, 1995;Landro et al, 2001). These impairments are not specific for depression, although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these features of depression may differ from those in other psychiatric disorders (Berman et al, 1993;Barch et al, 2003).…”

Section: Impaired Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this structural abnormality is not a specific sign of MDD (ie it has been found in patients with PTSD, schizophrenia, and epilepsy) and only occurs in a subgroup of MDD patients (Sheline and Mintun, 2002). In some studies, the volume loss appears to have functional significance with an association between acute depression and abnormalities of declarative memory (Burt et al, 1995) as well as associations between depression in remission and lower scores on tests of verbal memory (Sheline et al, 1999). The pathogenesis of hippocampal volume reduction seems to overlap with depressive pathophysiology, given its association with early-life stress, stress hormones, and duration of depressive illness (McEwen, 1999;Brunson et al, 2001;MacQueen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Functional Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering Endophenotypes for Major Depression

Hasler

Drevets

Manji

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

1,013

739

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The limited success of genetic studies of major depression has raised questions concerning the definition of genetically relevant phenotypes. This paper presents strategies to improve the phenotypic definition of major depression by proposing endophenotypes at two levels: First, dissecting the depressive phenotype into key components results in narrow definitions of putative psychopathological endophenotypes: mood bias toward negative emotions, impaired reward function, impaired learning and memory, neurovegetative signs, impaired diurnal variation, impaired executive cognitive function, psychomotor change, and increased stress sensitivity. A review of the recent literature on neurobiological and genetic findings associated with these components is given. Second, the most consistent heritable biological markers of major depression are proposed as biological endophenotypes for genetic studies: REM sleep abnormalities, functional and structural brain abnormalities, dysfunctions in serotonergic, catecholaminergic, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and CRH systems, and intracellular signal transduction endophenotypes. The associations among the psychopathological and biological endophenotypes are discussed with respect to specificity, temporal stability, heritability, familiality, and clinical and biological plausibility. Finally, the case is made for the development of a new classification system in order to reduce the heterogeneity of depression representing a major impediment to elucidating the genetic and neurobiological basis of this common, severe, and often life-threatening illness.

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“…For example, stressor exposure inhibits dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis (Gould et al, 1998, Gould andTanapat, 1999) and causes hippocampal neuronal atrophy (McEwen, 1999). These stress effects could contribute to the hippocampal volume reduction (Sheline et al, 1996, Sheline et al, 2003, Kitayama et al, 2005, as well as the hippocampal-dependent declarative memory impairments noted in patients with depression and some anxiety disorders (Sternberg and Jarvik, 1976, Burt et al, 1995, Elzinga and Bremner, 2002. Importantly, stressor exposure also reduces BDNF (Smith et al, 1995b, Ueyama et al, 1997 in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learned helplessness is independent of levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus

et al. 2007

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Reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus have been implicated in human affective disorders and behavioral stress responses. The current studies examined the role of BDNF in the behavioral consequences of inescapable stress, or learned helplessness. Inescapable stress decreased BDNF mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of sedentary rats. Rats allowed voluntary access to running wheels for either 3 or 6 weeks prior to exposure to stress were protected against stress-induced reductions of hippocampal BDNF protein.The observed prevention of stress-induced deceases in BDNF, however, occurred in a time course inconsistent with the prevention of learned helplessness by wheel running, which is evident following 6 weeks, but not 3 weeks, of wheel running. BDNF suppression in physically active rats was produced by administering a single injection of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (10 mg/ kg) just prior to stress. Despite reduced levels of hippocampal BDNF mRNA following stress, physically active rats given the combination of fluoxetine and stress remained resistant against learned helplessness. Sedentary rats given both fluoxetine and stress still demonstrated typical learned helplessness behaviors. Fluoxetine by itself reduced BDNF mRNA in sedentary rats only, but did not affect freezing or escape learning 24 hours later. Finally, bilateral injections of BDNF (1 μg) into the dentate gyrus prior to stress prevented stress-induced reductions of hippocampal BDNF but did not prevent learned helplessness in sedentary rats.These data indicate that learned helplessness behaviors are independent of the presence or absence of hippocampal BDNF because blocking inescapable stress-induced BDNF suppression does not always prevent learned helplessness, and learned helplessness does not always occur in the presence of reduced BDNF. Results also suggest that the prevention of stress-induced hippocampal BDNF suppression is not necessary for the protective effect of wheel running against learned helplessness.

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Depression and memory impairment: A meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity.

Cited by 796 publications

References 196 publications

Analyzing Factors Affecting Cognitive Function in the Elderly using Computerized Neurocognitive Tests

Analyzing Factors Affecting Cognitive Function in the Elderly using Computerized Neurocognitive Tests

Discovering Endophenotypes for Major Depression

Learned helplessness is independent of levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus

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