Depression and insomnia in COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional survey from Chinese rehabilitation centers in Anhui province

Abstract

Background Suffering from COVID-19 is a strong psychological stressor to the patients. Even after recovery, patients are prone to a variety of mental health problems. Recently, some studies focus on the psychological situation of patients when they got COVID-19. However, no study focused on the psychological status of recovered COVID-19-infected patients in China. Our study aims to investigate sleep and mood status, and detect the influencing factors of the psychological status of the COVID-19 patients after recovery. Methods One hundred and twenty-five COVID-19 patients were enrolled from February to April 2020. The social demographic information of all participants was collected by a self-designed questionnaire. Insomnia and depression symptoms were evaluated through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D). Results The rates of insomnia and depression were 26.45% and 9.92% in the COVID-19 patients after recovery. There were significant differences in physical, mental impairment, and the need for psychological assistance between the COVID-19 recovered patients with depression and the patients without depression. In addition, age and health status may be the influencing factors for insomnia, and care about the views of others may be the influencing factor of depression (P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the results, we found that COVID-19 recovered patients had a low rate of depression and a high rate of insomnia. We need to pay more attention to their sleep condition than mood status.

Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Sleep problems continue after recovery in the patient too. An investigation of 125 patients recovered from the COVID-19 disease showed an insomnia rate of 26.45% after recovery [ 75 ]. Sleep Disorder Breathing including sleep apnea is also reported more frequently in COVID-19 patients due to the respiratory nature of the disease [ 56 , 76 ].…”

„Coronasomnia“ – Resilienzförderung durch Insomniebehandlung

“…In einem Rehabilitationszentrum in China wurden Depression und Insomnie bei Patient*innen nach einer COVID-19 Infektion mit der Insomnia Severity Scale und der Center for Epidemiologie Scale for Depression (CES-D) erfasst [ 13 , 14 ]. In der Stichprobe von 121 Proband*innen, darunter 69 Männer und 52 Frauen (M = 41,72 ± 13,61 Jahre), die mindestens zwei Wochen nach der Entlassung aus der stationären Behandlung befragt wurden, berichteten 26,4 % über Insomniesymptome und 9,9 % über depressive Symptome [ 15 ].…”

“…Festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie deuten darauf hin, dass im Rahmen der Rehabilitation von COVID-19-Patient*innen und von Long-COVID-Betroffenen ein erhöhter Bedarf für eine gezielte Behandlung von Insomnie durch kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für Insomnie (CBT-I) sowie für eine Therapie zur Behandlung weiterer, assoziierter psychischer Störungen besteht [ 15 ].…”

STRA6, as A Novel Binding Receptor of COVID-19, A Breakthrough That could Explain COVID-19 Symptoms with Unknown Aetiology.

“…( 90) Retinoic acid induce expression of G protein-coupled receptor called Retinoic Acid -Inducible G Protein-Coupled Receptors(89) . Studies show general agreement that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) has been linked to the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) signaling, (91,92,93). Retinoic acid induces expression of G protein-coupled receptors that are used by Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).…”