Depression and Delinquency: A Review of Research

Ozkan, Turgut

doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100105

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The fact that we found spiraling associations between conductdelinquency problems and depression symptoms but not anxiety symptoms is intriguing. Our findings suggest that processes according to two models focusing on the associations between conduct-delinquency problems and depression symptoms may be involved sequentially: first, the failure model (conduct-delinquency problems may result in negative social outcomes, e.g., peer rejection or conflicts with parents and teachers, which in turn lead to depression symptoms) and second, the acting out model (depression symptoms are channeled into delinquent behavior; Ozkan, 2017;Wolff & Ollendick, 2006). One possible explanation for the lack of significant longitudinal associations between conduct-delinquency problems and anxiety symptoms could be because we did not distinguish between proactive and reactive delinquent behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Longitudinal associations between delinquency, depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence: Testing the moderating effect of sex and family socioeconomic status

Fontaine

Brendgen

Vitaro

et al. 2019

Journal of Criminal Justice

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Purpose: To examine the cross-lagged associations between delinquency (nonviolent and violent), depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence and to test the moderating effect of sex and family socioeconomic status (SES).Methods: Participants (n=1,515) were from a birth cohort in the Canadian province of Quebec.Autoregressive cross-lagged panel analyses were used to examine the associations between delinquency (nonviolent and violent), depression and anxiety symptoms from ages 15 to 17 years, while taking into account conduct and emotional problems at ages 10-12 years.Results: Findings suggest that delinquency (violent delinquency especially) and depression symptoms may develop according to a spiraling model, such that conduct problems in childhood give rise to depression symptoms in mid-adolescence, which in turn, contribute to more delinquent acts at the end of adolescence. Family SES, but not sex, had a moderating effect on the paths. We found that anxiety symptoms at age 15 years were associated with nonviolent delinquency at age 17 years when family SES was low, and that violent delinquency at age 15 years was associated with anxiety symptoms at age 17 years when family SES was high.Conclusions: Delinquency and emotional problems do not develop independently from each other; both dimensions should be examined simultaneously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…That is, delinquency may result in negative social outcomes (such as lower levels of social support), which in turn lead to depression. The acting out model, in which depression is channeled into delinquent behavior, is also plausible (Ozkan, 2017;Wolff & Ollendick, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations between delinquency, depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence: Testing the moderating effect of sex and family socioeconomic status

Fontaine

Brendgen

Vitaro

et al. 2019

Journal of Criminal Justice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is perhaps that adolescents' depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms may impair their social functioning, increase their social deficits, and contribute to the development of social withdrawal behaviors (Kochel et al, 2012; Krygsman & Vaillancourt, 2017; Rudolph, 2009), which may lead to poor social relationships between adolescents and teachers, increasing the likelihood that students will be disliked by teachers, will engage in conflict with teachers, and will be targets of teacher violence (Chen, Wu, Chang, & Wei, 2020). In addition, students’ psychological distress might lead to their victimization by teachers because adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms are associated with withdrawal, low self-esteem, and rejection by peers, which increases their risk of engaging in deviant behaviors (Ozkan, 2017). Once teachers identify students engaging in deviant behaviors, they are more likely to use aggressive punishment to warn these students to correct their deviant behaviors (Chen & Wei, 2011b; Lee, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social difficulties arising from depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms may lead adolescents to develop maladaptive social relationships with teachers, cause teachers to dislike them, and increase their conflict with teachers, which further enhances their vulnerability to being the target of teacher violence (Chen, Wu, Chang, & Wei, 2020). Furthermore, previous research has indicated that adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms can lead to withdrawal, low self-esteem, and rejection by peers, which increases their risk of engaging in deviant behavior (Ozkan, 2017). Once teachers discover that students are engaging in deviant behavior, they are more likely to use aggressive punishment to correct their deviant behavior (Chen & Wei, 2011b; Lee, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Distress and Student Victimization by Teachers

Chen

Chang

Lin

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Previous research has suggested that psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and somatization) is associated with student victimization by teachers. The direction and causality of this relationship have not yet been empirically supported. This study examined longitudinal associations between adolescent psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and somatization) and student victimization by teachers among 419 adolescents in grades 7–9 of secondary schools in Hong Kong. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted to collect student self-reported information about their experiences of victimization by teachers and their psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and somatization, at two time points separated by a 9-month interval. A cross-lagged panel analysis provided evidence for the contribution of depression, anxiety, and somatization to later victimization by teachers. These findings were also relevant for male and female adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, and somatization, is a risk factor predicting student victimization by teachers rather than the consequences of exposure to teacher violence. The results support the importance of reducing adolescent depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in future intervention programs to prevent them from being victimized by teachers.

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“…With regard to the co-occurrence of multiple psychological problems, although common risk factors might also be at play (such as low socio-economic status), Caron and Rutter (1991) explained that one problem might lay the groundwork for another to develop. Indeed, studies that have controlled for common risk factors have shown a robust concurrent and longitudinal bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and delinquency (see, e.g., Beyers & Loeber, 2003; for reviews, see Wolff & Ollendick, 2006;Ozkan, 2017). The Acting out model (Carlson & Cantwell, 1980) and the Failure model (Capaldi, 1992) are among the two prominent models within the psychological sciences that aim to explain the co-occurrence and temporal ordering of internalizing problems (e.g., depressive symptoms) and externalizing problems (e.g., delinquency) in adolescence, whereas the Strain theory (Agnew, 1992;Agnew & White, 1992;Brezina, 1996Brezina, , 2000 has been chiefly cited in criminology to address a potential longitudinal link between delinquency and depression more specifically.…”

Section: Three Competing Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Adolescents Engage in Delinquency to Cope with Depressive Symptoms? Revisiting the Longitudinal Link Between Delinquency and Depressive Symptoms While Considering Moderation by Ethnicity, Adolescent Phase, and Gender

Defoe

Dubas

Aken

2023

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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The co-occurrence between delinquency and depression in adolescence is well-documented. However, Psychology (Failure model and Acting out Model) and Criminology (Strain Theory) theories are divided on the potential longitudinal link between these two behaviors and empirical studies show mixed findings. The present 3-wave longitudinal study tested these opposing theories, using cross-lagged panel modeling on an ethnically and socio-economically diverse sample (T1: N=602; Mage= 13.50 (SD = 1.23); 46.4% female). Furthermore, we investigated whether moderation by ethnicity (non-Western ethnic minority versus Western ethnic majority [i.e., ethnically Dutch]) or adolescent phase by gender (early adolescent girls versus mid-late adolescent girls versus early adolescent boys versus mid-late adolescent boys) were present. For the total sample, results showed that higher levels of delinquency predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms, consistent with Strain theory that suggests that adolescents may resort to delinquency to cope with depression. As for significant moderation links: (1) higher levels of delinquency predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms (Strain theory), especially in mid-late adolescent girls, (2) higher levels of delinquency predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms (Failure model) for early adolescent girls, and (3) higher levels of depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of delinquency (Acting out model and Strain theory) for mid-late adolescent boys. Although no ethnicity moderation effects were found, consistent with strain theories, ethnic minority adolescents reported significantly more depressive symptoms (T1 and T3) but not higher delinquency levels than ethnic majority adolescents. Thus, the mixed findings found in previous studies for the link between delinquency and depression could be because gender-by-adolescent-phase moderation effects were overlooked. Implications for the Acting out model, Failure model, and Strain theories are discussed.

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Depression and Delinquency: A Review of Research

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Longitudinal associations between delinquency, depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence: Testing the moderating effect of sex and family socioeconomic status

Longitudinal associations between delinquency, depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence: Testing the moderating effect of sex and family socioeconomic status

An Investigation of Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Distress and Student Victimization by Teachers

Do Adolescents Engage in Delinquency to Cope with Depressive Symptoms? Revisiting the Longitudinal Link Between Delinquency and Depressive Symptoms While Considering Moderation by Ethnicity, Adolescent Phase, and Gender

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