Depression and Cardiovascular Sequelae in Postmenopausal Women

Wassertheil‐Smoller, Sylvia; Shumaker, Sally A.; Ockene, Judith K.; Talavera, Greg; Greenland, Philip; Cochrane, Barbara B.; Robbins, John A.; Aragaki, Aaron K.; Dunbar‐Jacob, Jacqueline

doi:10.1001/archinte.164.3.289

Cited by 351 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…A report from the Women's Health Initiative Study found that women with a history of PAD had a significantly increased risk of current depression. 21 Penninx, in a large community-based cohort, noted that significantly more elderly subjects with self-reported PAD had depression than those without PAD (10.6% vs 7.7%). 22 However, another population-based study found no association between depression and subclinical PAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Depression are at Increased Risk for Secondary Cardiovascular Events after Lower Extremity Revascularization

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Depression are at Increased Risk for Secondary Cardiovascular Events after Lower Extremity Revascularization

et al. 2008

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“…Studies evaluating specific types of CVD restrict their focus to either stroke 17 or CHD, 21 without ascertaining both CHD and stroke within a single study, making it difficult to evaluate the relative importance of CHD and stroke to the CVD-depression association. The exception is the recent report from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) 22 showing that among women with a history of CVD, depressive symptoms measured by a shortened version of the CES-D predicted stroke incidence but no other form of CVD. In contrast, among women with no history of CVD, depressive symptoms were not related to stroke, CHD, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease incidence but were related to CVD death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Symptoms and Mortality in Men

Gump

Matthews

Eberly

et al. 2005

Stroke

168

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Background and Purpose-Depression may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We evaluated long-term mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms measured at middle age among men at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods-12 866 men without definite evidence of CHD at study entry but who had above average risk of CHD based on blood pressure, blood cholesterol levels, and/or cigarette smoking were recruited into the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Survivors at the end of the trial were followed-up for mortality for an additional 18 years. Men who had completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale near the end of the trial (nϭ11 216) were used in a prospective analysis of post-trial all-cause and cause-specific mortality during 18-year follow-up after CES-D assessment. Results-Greater depressive symptoms measured at the end of the trial were associated with significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and for cause-specific death, a higher risk of CVD, and, more specifically, stroke mortality (all P values Ͻ0.02) but not CHD mortality (Pϭ0.48) in linear trend analyses. The significant associations were strongest for those reporting the greatest depression: hazard ratio (HR)ϭ1.15 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.28; PϽ0.01) for all-cause mortality for those in the highest depressive symptom quintile, HRϭ1.21 for CVD mortality (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.41; PϽ0.05), and HRϭ2.03 for stroke mortality (95% CI, 1.20 to 3.44; PϽ0.01) compared with those in the lowest quintile. These associations were adjusted for age, intervention group, race, educational attainment, smoking at baseline and visit 6, trial averaged systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and fasting cholesterol, as well as the occurrence of nonfatal cardiovascular events during the trial. Conclusions-Greater depressive symptoms are associated with an increase in the risk of all-cause and, more specifically, CVD mortality in men. Stroke but not CHD was the form of CVD with which depressive symptoms were associated.

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“…We have used this scale in prior reports on depressive symptoms [76] and QOL [10] in breast cancer, and it was recently used to assess depression in studies of hormone replacement therapy and QOL [77] and depression vs postmenopausal cardiovascular sequelae [78]. Items can be summed to yield a total score.…”

Section: Psychosocial Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%