Depression and APOEε4 Status in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the associative role of depression and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOEε4) in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and its progression to objective cognitive decline.Methods After literature search in electronic databases, studies were selected by following precise eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the role of APOEε4 and depression in SCD or its progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.Results APOEε4 positivity was not different between SCD and normal individuals but was significantly higher in individuals with SCD plus than in normal individuals [odds ratio: 2.39 (95% CI: 1.87, 3.05); p<0.00001] and in SCD converters than in non-converters [odds ratio: 5.19 (95% CI: 2.36, 11.42); p<0.00001]. Depression was significantly higher in individuals with SCD [standardized mean difference: 0.63 (0.45, 0.82); p<0.00001] and SCD plus [standardized mean difference: 0.83 (0.43, 1.22); p<0.0001] than in normal individuals. However, depression was not different between SCD and MCI or between SCD converters and non-converters. Age of SCD converters was higher than non-converters [mean difference: 2.95 years (0.58, 5.31)].Conclusion Whereas APOEε4 positivity was higher in SCD plus and SCD converters, depression was higher in SCD and SCD plus but was not different between SCD and MCI.

Association of the APOE Gene Polymorphism with Depression in White Adults in the WHO “MONICA-Psychosocial” Program

“…The ε3 allele was observed in 77.8% of individuals, the ε4 allele in 13.2% and the ε2 allele in 9%. Our data are in agreement with the results of researchers from around the world [ 12 , 14 , 15 ] as well as from domestic researchers [ 4 , 35 ]. For example, 70.4% had the ε3/ε3 genotype, 9% had the ε3/ε4 genotype, and 6% had the ε2/ε3 genotype, according to I.B.…”

“…Several studies have shown that certain genotypic polymorphisms in the APOE gene coding region are risk factors for depression and other diseases [ 13 , 14 ]. In 2020, Y.P.…”

“…Huang et al performed a meta-analysis, showing that, in a longitudinal community-based study of elderly, a positive association was observed between the ε4 allele of APOE and depression during 5 years of follow-up. A meta-analysis of nine studies also found that the ε4 allele was positively associated with depression in individuals aged 23 to 83 years [ 14 ]. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in recovering depressed patients may predict suicide risk during the next depressive episode [ 15 ].…”

PRedicting the EVolution of SubjectIvE Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer’s Disease With machine learning: the PREVIEW study protocol

“…Two recent communitybased studies on very large populations showed that depressive symptoms increase the risk of progression to objective cognitive decline and dementia in SCD patients (89,90). A metaanalysis by Huang et al showed that depression was significantly higher in individuals with SCD than in normal individuals but there was no difference between SCD and MCI or between SCD converters and non-converters (91). In a 7-years of follow-up study of more than 13000 cognitively normal individuals over 50-years old, SCD and depression were independently associated with the risk of developing MCI or dementia but the risk was highest when both depression and SCD coexisted at baseline (90).…”

The Association Between Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy: A Narrative Review

“…Filippov et al proposed genotyping of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele in combination with EEG to identify early-onset AD [32]. This is further supported by a meta-analysis that showed that 15-45% of APOEε4 carriers had developed AD [33]. The incidences of AD are higher in APOEε4/4 patients (25-45%) who fall into the age group of 75-80 years compared with APOEε3/4 carriers (15-25%) when matched for age [34].…”