Depression and anxiety levels in mothers of children with epistaxis: A controlled study

Background Due to advances in technology, home ventilation in children has increased in recent years. The provision of proper care for a home‐ventilated (HV) child can have a strong impact on the lifestyle of caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of HV children during the current COVID‐19 pandemic and compare them to those of mothers of healthy peers. Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted on HV children ( n = 21) and a control group of healthy peers ( n = 32) by means of a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the children of both groups. Psychometric scales, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐State (STAI‐S), and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Trait (STAI‐T), were used to assess participants. Results During the pandemic signs of depression were present in 8 (38.1%) of the case group and 8 (25%) of the healthy control group. Comparison of the BDI scores from before and during the pandemic showed no difference between mothers of the HV children ( p = .09). Scores for BDI and STAI‐T were higher in the case group than in the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in STAI‐S scores. Conclusion Depression and anxiety levels of mothers of HV children were found to be higher during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Economic, medical, and social support resources are needed to reduce levels of depression and anxiety and help mothers of those children dependent on technology.

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“…Possible scores vary from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating more anxiety. 19 The Turkish validation study of STAI was conducted by…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety in mothers of home ventilated children before and during COVID‐19 pandemic

Ergenekon

Yeğit

Cenk

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…[20] Apart from biopsy-related bleeding, the bleeding caused by mechanical friction could cause anxiety and affect the patients' quality of life. [21] In this study, we found that prior probing was associated with less nasal bleeding and that adrenaline, which reduced the insertion attempts, protected the nasal mucosa, shrunk the capillaries, and reduced the bleeding. [1] However, no significant difference was identified in terms of the patients' tolerance as well as the smoothness of the procedure reported by the bronchoscopist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In general, flexible bronchoscopy is a relatively safe operation, and the incidence of nasal bleeding after flexible bronchoscopy is currently reported in the literature to be about 0.5%, [19] which is usually small and can be stopped on its own, with the application of 1:10,000 adrenaline to stop the bleeding locally if necessary [20] . Apart from biopsy-related bleeding, the bleeding caused by mechanical friction could cause anxiety and affect the patients’ quality of life [21] . In this study, we found that prior probing was associated with less nasal bleeding and that adrenaline, which reduced the insertion attempts, protected the nasal mucosa, shrunk the capillaries, and reduced the bleeding [1] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Pre-operative nasal probe tests with adrenaline and lidocaine ease insertion during flexible bronchoscopy and reduce post-operative bleeding: a randomized controlled trial

Zhu

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background: Nasal insertion is the preferred method for non-intubated patients in flexible bronchoscopy; however, the relatively narrow nasal cavity results in difficulties related to bronchoscope insertion. This study aimed to investigate whether pre-operative nasal probe tests could reduce the time to pass the glottis, improve the first-pass success rate and patients' tolerance, and reduce postoperative bleeding. Methods: This three-arm prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital between May and October 2020. Three hundred patients requiring diagnosis and treatment using flexible bronchoscopy were randomly allocated to three groups: control group, simple cotton bud detection group (CD group), and adrenaline + lidocaine detection group (AD group). The primary outcome was the time to pass the glottis. Secondary outcomes included the first-pass success rate, the patients' tolerance scores, and post-operative bleeding. One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests were used in this study. Results: In total, 189 men and 111 women were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 55.72 ± 12.86 years. The insertion time was significantly shorter in the AD group than in the control group (18.00 s [12.00-26.50 s] vs. 24.00 s [14.50-45.50 s], P = 0.005). Both the AD (99% vs. 83%, x 2 = 15.62, P < 0.001) and CD groups (94% vs. 83%, x 2 = 5.94, P = 0.015) had a significantly higher first-pass success rate than the control group. Compared with the control group, post-operative bleeding (1% vs. 13%, x 2 = 11.06, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the AD group. However, no significant difference was found in the patients' tolerance scores. Conclusions: Pre-operative nasal cavity probe tests especially with adrenaline and lidocaine during flexible bronchoscopy can significantly reduce the time to pass the glottis, improve the first-pass success rate, and reduce post-operative nasal bleeding. Preoperative nasal probe tests are recommended as a time-saving procedure for patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2000032668; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx? proj=53321.

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“…Although mild in children, recurrent epistaxis can significantly increase their parents' anxiety levels. It may also lead to recurrent urgent applications and increased healthcare costs [10,11]. In this respect, it is essential to define the etiology and an appropriate treatment method for recurrent epistaxis in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Nasal Cytological Examination in Determining The Etiology and Treatment of Idiopathic Recurrent Epistaxis İn Children

Yosunkaya

2021

AJPN

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Background and aim : It was aimed to clarify the etiology of recurrent idiopathic epistaxis (RIE) by evaluating the results of the nasal cytological examination (NCE) and to evaluate their responses to treatment prepared according to nasal cytological findings. Materials and methods:Pre and post-treatment the results of NCE, 78 children who applied to the ENT clinic for RIE and 40 healthy children were evaluated. In the majority of cases with RIE, the main cell type was determined to be neutrophils (70%) followed by eosinophils (20%). The treatments of the children were tailored by their nasal cytology findings. According to the results of NCE, 25 / 3.6 mg/kg of amoxicillin /clavulanate was administered orally twice a day for 7 days to children with high neutrophil counts. Children with high eosinophil count were given 5 ml of desloratadine orally once a day for 15 days. These treatments were administered together and at the same doses to children with high neutrophil and eosinophil counts.Results : Clinical evaluation and NCE was performed at the end of the first month. Families reported that epistaxis did not occur in children after treatment. As a result of the re-performed NCE, 74 (94.8%) of the patients responded to the treatment. In children with recurrent epistaxis due to inflammation caused by neutrophils and eosinophils, the dominance of cells decreased after treatment and no epistaxis was observed. The relationship between the dominance of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa and epistaxis was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion :NCE, which is used in the differential diagnosis and follow-up of rhinological diseases, can help us to clarify the etiology of RIE in children. According to the results of the nasal cytological examination, anti-inflammatory treatment with a high response to treatment can be planned in these children.

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Depression and anxiety levels in mothers of children with epistaxis: A controlled study

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Depression and anxiety in mothers of home ventilated children before and during COVID‐19 pandemic

Depression and anxiety in mothers of home ventilated children before and during COVID‐19 pandemic

Pre-operative nasal probe tests with adrenaline and lidocaine ease insertion during flexible bronchoscopy and reduce post-operative bleeding: a randomized controlled trial

The Importance of Nasal Cytological Examination in Determining The Etiology and Treatment of Idiopathic Recurrent Epistaxis İn Children

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