Depression and anxiety in child and adolescents with follow-up celiac disease and in their families

Abstract

Background/Aims: Earlier research has indicated a positive association between Celiac disease and some mental disorders in both adults and children. The aim of this study was to explore the diet compliance and depression and anxiety levels of pediatric celiac children and their families after a gluten-free diet. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 celiac pediatric patients (17 children [57%] and 13 adolescents [43%]) were enrolled in the study, and 20 healthy controls (11 children [55%] and 9 adolescents [45%]) were studied as controls. Depression was assessed with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) form, and anxiety was assessed with the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) form. Diet compliance was measured with a diet compliance form, and the families were asked to complete the Beck Depression Measurement (BDI) form for depression and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I-II (STAI-I and STAI-II) forms for anxiety. Results: There was no significant difference in depression and anxiety between pediatric celiac patients consuming a gluten-free diet and the healthy control group. We observed no difference in depression and anxiety in the Celiac CD group patients. Diet compliance was 73.3% in the study group. Conclusion: The depression and anxiety levels of pediatric celiac patients and their parents did not differ from those in the healthy group.

Diminished quality of life among adolescents with coeliac disease using maladaptive eating behaviours to manage a gluten‐free diet: a cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods study

“…Consideration may be given to CD specific tools (51) . Parents, physicians and dietitians can all play a role in supporting positive eating behaviours and attitudes (12,18,19,46,(48)(49)(50)52) (Table 3).…”

“…A more extensive questionnaire on symptoms would have been preferable. Personality traits, parental psychosocial difficulties, including anxiety and depression, perceptions of costs and knowledge, as well as a diagnosable feeding or eating disorder, may also play a role in the relationship between eating behaviours and QOL, but were not measured in this study . Despite these limitations, to our knowledge, this is the first mixed methods analysis that describes the approach towards maintaining a GFD, highlighting the need for additional eating behaviour research among adolescents with CD.…”

“…Personality traits, parental psychosocial difficulties, including anxiety and depression, perceptions of costs and knowledge, as well as a diagnosable feeding or eating disorder, may also play a role in the relationship between eating behaviours and QOL, but were not Table 3 Considerations for prevention of eating difficulties in adolescents with coeliac disease Promote regular gastroenterologist visits and ongoing involvement of a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) specialised in coeliac disease (CD), beyond the initial diagnosis (48,49) Through conversations over time, practitioners should promote increased gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence/reduce inadvertent gluten exposures, correct any nutritional deficits, promote normal growth and development, and monitor for continued or new symptoms, including other digestive-related morbidities (48,49) Upon diagnosis, patients should be encouraged to join a CD support groups (48)(49)(50) particularly in-person if possible (50) Encourage family members involvement as part of the ongoing support team (48,49) RDNs should assess whether a patient's approach to GFD adherence may interfere with daily activities and quality of life CD specific tools may be useful in assessments. The newly developed the coeliac disease food attitudes and beliefs scale, validated in adults, may help in assessing CD-Specific food-related behaviours, although its utility with adolescents and for clinical practice is unknown (51) A nonpunitive approach to dietary counselling should be adopted (24,25) If the treatment team has concerns about a patient's eating approach that is not resolving, the patient should be referred to an eating disorder specialist (psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) for further evaluation Psychiatric co-morbidities such as anxiety or depression should be identified, and appropriate referral undertaken measured in this study (21,52) . Despite these limitations, to our knowledge, this is the first mixed methods analysis that describes the approach towards maintaining a GFD, highlighting the need for additional eating behaviour research among adolescents with CD.…”

Assessment of quality of life and physical and mental health in children and adolescents with coeliac disease compared to their healthy peers

“…This should be taken lightly, because, in most cases, the endangering of physical health is usually experienced only through some disabilities. On the other hand, the results of some studies indicate that the timely diagnosis of the disease and gluten-free diet as coeliac treatment do not really affect physical health [11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…All this can be frustrating and bothering for children and can lead to dietary neglect and worsen the disease [14][15][16][17][18].…”