Depression and anxiety disorders among schoolgoing adolescents in an urban area of South India

Krishnamurthy, Jayashree; Mithra, Prasanna; Nair, M. K. C.; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Pai, Keshava

doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_209_18

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The regression analysis shows that students of mid to late adolescence (�15 years) had higher odds (OR: 1.51) of suffering from anxiety than those of early adolescence, which might be caused by excessive academic pressure, social pressure, tension of going into adulthood, and many more. This study also shows that adolescents from the urban residential settings are the worst sufferers of anxiety (47.9%) since they were 2.83 times more likely to be suffering from anxiety compared to rural adolescents, and this finding is coherent with the findings of some other studies [42][43][44]. There are different reasons for higher prevalence of anxiety among urban adolescents, for example, urban household setting, low or no space for PA, parents' indifference, high frequency of SBSB, very few or no siblings, and less family integration, among others.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Anxiety among urban, semi-urban and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and associated factors

et al. 2022

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Background Anxiety disorder is one of the emerging public health problems in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Likewise, in Bangladesh, a growing number of adolescents are experiencing such symptoms though we have very limited research evidence available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and the factors associated with this condition among urban, semi-urban, and rural school adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study used a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. A self-administered questionnaire was conveyed to 2355 adolescents from nine secondary schools of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of the respondents, 2313 completed the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Besides, sociodemographic information, self-reported body image as well as modification of Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and WHO Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ) were used to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with anxiety among adolescents. Results A total of 20.1% of adolescents were experiencing moderate to severe anxiety; of them, a significantly higher proportion (49.9%) of female adolescents were suffering more than males (40.1%). Furthermore, age, student’s grade, father’s educational level, number of family members, and residential setting were found to be significantly associated with anxiety among adolescents. In terms of lifestyle factors, irregular physical activity (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.63), high screen time (AOR: 1.51; 95% CI:1.21–1.88), sleep dissatisfaction (AOR: 3.79; 95% CI: 3.02–4.76), and underweight body image (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI:1.70–3.28) were found to be significantly associated with anxiety among school adolescents of urban, semi-urban, and rural residential settings. Conclusions Anxiety is prevalent among urban, semi-urban, and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. To lessen this prevalence of anxiety among Bangladeshi adolescents, evidence-based health programs- healthy school trials—and policies should therefore be taken based on the findings of this study.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Anxiety among urban, semi-urban and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and associated factors

et al. 2022

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“…The higher prevalence of migraine and longer periods with constipation could follow explanations raised in the USA investigation, i.e., reasoning linked to the function of estrogen ( 63 , 64 ). However, it could also easily be explained by the higher level of anxiety measured in our and others' studies ( 13 , 65 – 67 ) and possibly by lower self-esteem ( 68 ) and higher academic demands and expectations in the female students ( 69 ), which also reflect the coexistence of mental and physical health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Psychological Distress, Somatic Complaints, and Their Relation to Negative Psychosocial Factors in a Sample of Swedish High School Students

Kerekes

Zouini

Tingberg

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Adolescence is a period in life characterized by major neurobiological, physiological, and psychological changes. Those changes may give rise to worsened mental health and an increased prevalence of somatic complaints combined with a negative psychosocial environment. Rapid changes in society, which may also affect young people in several ways, call for a renewed screening of today's adolescents' mental and somatic well-being.Aim: The present study's primary aim was to measure the level of self-rated psychological distress and the prevalence of somatic complaints in a sample of Swedish high school students. As a secondary aim, it identifies gender-specific patterns and examines mental and somatic health in relation to negative psychosocial factors (such as parental alcohol use problems or the experience of physical or psychological abuse).Method: Two hundred and eighty-seven Swedish high school students completed a survey including the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a questionnaire about the presence of defined somatic complaints. In order to examine the relationship between negative psychosocial factors and mental and somatic health, three groups were formed: those reporting (i) parental substance use problems, (ii) previous experience of abuse, (iii) none of these problems.Results: The majority of the Swedish high-school students (>80%) reported no or only a few problems with psychological distress and no or only one somatic complaint. Female students disclosed a significantly higher psychological distress level captured by each BSI domain. The number of somatic complaints was similarly distributed between the genders. The students rarely reported parental substance use problems, but almost 40% of the male and 50% of the female students indicated the experience of physical and/or psychological abuse. Such negative psychosocial circumstances were related to an increased level of anxiety in the male and an increased general level of psychological distress in female students.Conclusions: The study confirmed female students' higher psychological distress level. Gender differences in the type of somatic complaints, but not in the number were detected. The experience of physical and/or psychological abuse was found to significantly worsen psychological distress in students of both genders.

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“…Association of depression/depressive symptoms with conduct disorder, ADHD, and anxiety disorders is in agreement with existing evidence. [ 17 19 20 21 ] However, the literature on association of depression with oppositional defiant disorder is scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression among adolescents in a rural community of north India: A cross-sectional study

Mohta

Malhotra

Gupta

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: There is a paucity of literature on depression among adolescents in the north Indian community. Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among adolescents residing in a rural community of north India, and to determine associated factors, psychiatric comorbidities, and functional impairment. Methods: A simple random sample of 630 adolescents aged 10-19 years was drawn. Participants were enrolled in house-to-house visits, and screened for depression using the nine-item version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Diagnostic confirmation and assessment of psychiatric comorbidities was done using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid) for 10-17-year-old adolescents, and MINI for 18 year olds. Prevalence was reported with 95% confidence interval. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association of depression with socio-demographic and other factors. Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) was used to assess functional impairment. Results: The prevalence of depression was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.3–5.2) ( n = 583), comparable in both sexes. Over half the participants with depression had psychiatric comorbidities; the most common were conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; nearly two-fifth had suicidal ideas/attempt. About two-third of participants with depression had functional impairment. Depression was associated with perceived frequent conflicts at home [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.0 (95% CI: 1.0-16.0), P = 0.049], and perceived stressful event (s) in past six months [aOR = 7.0 (95% CI: 2.4-20.3), P < 0.01], which were predominantly related to academics. Conclusion: Study results indicate the need to strengthen diagnostic and therapeutic/rehabilitative mental health services in adolescent age group. Low-stress lifestyle could be a promising approach to sidestep depressive symptoms.

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Depression and anxiety disorders among schoolgoing adolescents in an urban area of South India

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Anxiety among urban, semi-urban and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and associated factors

Anxiety among urban, semi-urban and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and associated factors

Psychological Distress, Somatic Complaints, and Their Relation to Negative Psychosocial Factors in a Sample of Swedish High School Students

Depression among adolescents in a rural community of north India: A cross-sectional study

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