Depression Among Methamphetamine Users

Glasner‐Edwards, Suzette; Marinelli‐Casey, Patricia; Hillhouse, Maureen; Ang, Alfonso; Mooney, Larissa; Rawson, Richard A.

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31819db6fe

Cited by 115 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…If clinically indicated, psychiatric medications may be prescribed to manage comorbid conditions such as major depression, anxiety disorders, or persistent psychotic disorders. Given that negative affect states, such as depression or anxiety have been demonstrated to increase relapse risk and worsen treatment outcomes among MA users (see Glasner-Edwards, [11,96]), amelioration of persistent symptoms with psychosocial treatment or pharmacotherapy is important in individuals with co-occurring addiction and mental health disorders. Lastly, though no medications have been FDA approved for the treatment of MA use disorder, several medications have shown preliminary benefit in reducing MA use in some studies, including bupropion[93] naltrexone [97], mirtazapine [98], and methylphenidate [99].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine Psychosis: Epidemiology and Management

Glasner‐Edwards¹,

Mooney²

2014

CNS Drugs

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191

161

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Psychotic symptoms and syndromes are frequently experienced among individuals who use methamphetamine, with recent estimates of up to approximately 40% of users affected. Though transient in a large proportion of users, acute symptoms can include agitation, violence, and delusions, and may require management in an inpatient psychiatric or other crisis intervention setting. In a subset of individuals, psychosis can recur and persist and may be difficult to distinguish from a primary psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. Differential diagnosis of primary versus substance-induced psychotic disorders among methamphetamine users is challenging; nevertheless, with careful assessment of the temporal relationship of symptoms to methamphetamine use, aided by state-of-the art psychodiagnostic assessment instruments and use of objective indicators of recent substance use (i.e., urine toxicology assays), coupled with collateral clinical data gathered from the family or others close to the individual, diagnostic accuracy can be optimized and the individual can be appropriately matched to a plan of treatment. The pharmacological treatment of acute methamphetamine-induced psychosis may include the use of antipsychotic medications as well as benzodiazepines, although symptoms may resolve without pharmacological treatment if the user is able to achieve a period of abstinence from methamphetamine. Importantly, psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine dependence has a strong evidence base and is the optimal first-line treatment approach to reducing rates of psychosis among individuals who use methamphetamines. Prevention of methamphetamine relapse is the most direct means of preventing recurrence of psychotic symptoms and syndromes. Long-term management of individuals who present with recurrent and persistent psychosis, even in the absence of methamphetamine use, may include both behavioral treatment to prevent resumption of methamphetamine use and pharmacological treatment targeting psychotic symptoms. In addition, treatment of co-occurring psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety is important as a means of preventing relapse to methamphetamine use, which is often triggered by associated symptoms.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine Psychosis: Epidemiology and Management

Glasner‐Edwards¹,

Mooney²

2014

CNS Drugs

Self Cite

191

161

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“…Certain mental health outcomes, associated sequelae, and traumatic experiences may be more prevalent among young trans*females, including elevated prevalence of suicide, engagement in sex work, and victimization by violence and trauma (Bradford et al, 2013; Budge et al, 2013; Clements-Nolle et al, 2001; Garofalo et al, 2006; Grant, 2011; Grossman and D'Augelli, 2007; Hoffman, 2014; Testa, 2012; Wilson et al, 2009). In turn, these co-morbidities have been associated with substance use; for example, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress and depression have been associated with the use of individual substances as well as multiple substances (Booth et al, 2010; Conway et al, 2006; Deykin and Buka, 1997; Falck et al, 2002; Glasner-Edwards et al, 2009; Grant et al, 2004; Haller and Chassin, 2014; Hien et al, 2005; Tang et al, 2007). Similarly, perceived discrimination has been linked to substance use in multiple populations (Clark, 2014; Hunte and Finlayson, 2013; Otiniano Verissimo et al, 2014; Respress et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of substance use among trans*female youth ages 16–24 years in the San Francisco Bay Area

Rowe

Santos

McFarland

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

121

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Background Substance use is highly prevalent among transgender (trans*) females and has been associated with negative health outcomes, including HIV infection. Little is known about psychosocial risk factors that may influence the onset of substance use among trans*female youth, which can contribute to health disparities during adulthood. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of a study on HIV risk and resilience among trans*female youth (N=292). Prevalence of substance use was assessed and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, gender-related discrimination, parental drug or alcohol problems (PDAP) and multiple substance use outcomes. Results Most (69%) of the trans*female youth reported recent drug use. In multivariable analyses, those with PTSD had increased odds of drug use [AOR=1.94 (95%CI=1.09–3.44)]. Those who experienced gender-related discrimination had increased odds of drug use [AOR=2.28 (95%CI=1.17–4.44)], drug use concurrent with sex [AOR=2.35 (95%CI=1.11–4.98)] and use of multiple drugs [AOR=3.24 (95%CI=1.52–6.88)]. Those with psychological distress had increased odds of using multiple heavy drugs [AOR=2.27 (95%CI=1.01–5.12)]. Those with PDAP had increased odds of drugs use [AOR=2.62 (95%CI=1.43–4.82)], drug use concurrent with sex [AOR=2.01 (95%CI, 1.15–3.51)] and use of multiple drugs [AOR=2.10 (95%CI=1.22–3.62)]. Conclusions Substance use is highly prevalent among trans*female youth and was significantly associated with psychosocial risk factors. In order to effectively address substance use among trans*female youth, efforts must address coping related to gender-based discrimination and trauma. Furthermore, structural level interventions aiming to reduce stigma and gender-identity discrimination might also be effective.

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“…Moreover, depression and anxiety diagnoses predicted poorer outcomes and greater impairment in functioning three years post-treatment. Specifically, those with depression and anxiety had poorer MA and alcohol use outcomes, greater overall impairment, higher health service utilization rates, and more psychiatric symptomatology, including higher rates of suicidality (Glasner-Edwards et al, 2009; Glasner-Edwards et al, 2010b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While gender differences have not been observed in treatment seeking behavior, women tend to be retained in treatment longer and have better outcomes (Brecht et al, 2004; Hillhouse et al, 2007; Dluzen & Liu, 2008). Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity have also been observed, where women with MUD are more likely than men to report symptoms of depression (Hser et al, 2005; Dluzen & Liu, 2008) and meet diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD; Glasner-Edwards et al, 2009). Additionally, women with MUD appear more likely to report anxiety (Salo, et al, 2011), particularly social anxiety disorder (Glasner-Edwards et al, 2010a); however, less is known about the treatment of comorbid MUD and mood or anxiety disorders (Hellem, Lundberg, & Renshaw, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Association Between Internalizing Symptoms and Craving in Methamphetamine Users

Hartwell

Moallem

Courtney

et al. 2016

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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Objectives Methamphetamine (MA) users often have substantial psychiatric comorbidities, with nearly a third reporting lifetime mood disorders and over a quarter reporting lifetime anxiety disorders. Female MA users are more likely to endorse depression and anxiety symptoms compared to men. Craving has been related to mood/anxiety symptoms in MA users. To extend the literature on gender differences in MA use disorder, the present study examines the role of gender as a moderator of the relationship between mood/anxiety symptoms and MA craving. Methods Participants (N = 203) were non-treatment seeking, current MA users, recruited from the Los Angeles community for enrollment in a larger pharmacotherapy trial. At the assessment visit, participants completed multiple measures including the Methamphetamine Urge Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results The relationship between depression symptomatology and MA craving was moderated by gender (F = 6.18, p = 0.01), such that the relationship was positive and significant for men (p < 0.001) but was not significant for women. Similarly, gender significantly moderated the relationship between anxiety and MA craving (F = 5.99, p = 0.02), such that the relationship was also positive and significant in men but not in women (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that men may be more sensitive to the effects of internalizing symptoms on MA craving than women. Given craving's propensity to predict relapse, these initial findings indicate the necessity of treating comorbid psychiatric problems in male MA users, which may in turn assist in the attenuation of craving.

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Depression Among Methamphetamine Users

Cited by 115 publications

References 28 publications

Methamphetamine Psychosis: Epidemiology and Management

Methamphetamine Psychosis: Epidemiology and Management

Prevalence and correlates of substance use among trans*female youth ages 16–24 years in the San Francisco Bay Area

Sex Differences in the Association Between Internalizing Symptoms and Craving in Methamphetamine Users

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