Depression after spinal cord injury: Relation to gender, ethnicity, aging, and socioeconomic indicators

Krause, James S.; Kemp, Bryan J.; Coker, Jennifer

doi:10.1053/apmr.2000.7167

Cited by 237 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Women with SCI tend to suffer more from pain 12 and depression. 13 In the present study, we did not notice any significant differences between men and women in these complications. Women also have gender-related needs like issues of sexuality, N ¼ number of subjects; DVT ¼ deep venous thrombosis menstrual hygiene, pregnancy and breast-feeding.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Nontraumatic spinal cord lesions: a prospective study of medical complications during in-patient rehabilitation

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Nontraumatic spinal cord lesions: a prospective study of medical complications during in-patient rehabilitation

et al. 2005

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“…Previous studies have also demonstrated that women are at a substantially higher risk for depressive symptoms. 1,16 Studies have demonstrated not only that depression is not an inevitable reaction to injury, but also that it is not a necessary facet of rehabilitation. 3 Previous studies have indicated that depressive symptoms is associated with fewer functional improvement in SCI rehabilitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of catheter or type of bladder drainage should be made on an individual basis, taking into account many factors such as patient preference, sex of the patient, level of injury, functional status, financial concerns, and the patient's desire for sexual intercourse. 1 The long-term outcome of NB, with better treatment has improved considerably. Currently with a better understanding of the principles of bladder management the complication rate is far lower and the life expectancy is equal to those of people of the same age and sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms of patients using clean intermittent catheterization for neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury

Shin

Paik

et al. 2006

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Prospective, cross-sectional study, based on cases of spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Three outpatient medical departments in Seoul, Korea. Objectives: To assess depressive symptoms in patients on clean intermittent catheterization after SCI. Methods: In total, 102 subjects (68 males and 34 females, mean age 39.5 with a range of 18-75 years) were included in the primary analysis. A control group of 110 was selected from the routine health checkup. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: For patients and controls, the average total BDI scores were 20.371.0 and 11.470.5, respectively (Po0.001). With regard to severity of depression among patient groups, three (3.0%) reported normal; four (3.9%) reported mild to moderate depression; 24 (23.5%) reported moderate to severe depression; and 71 (69.6%) reported severe depression. On the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a positive association with the risk of depression was observed in gender and type of catheterization. Female patients had a 3.8-fold higher risk (odds ratio (OR) 13.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-10.31; P ¼ 0.008) of depression than male patients. In the same model, patients who were unable to perform catheterization independently had a 4.6-fold higher risk (OR 4.62; 95% CI 1.67-12.81, P ¼ 0.003) of depression than those who were able to perform self-catheterization.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to SCI have higher degrees of depression than normal population. In addition, our findings also suggest that depression is closely related to gender and patient's ability to perform selfcatheterization.

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“…With increasing time postinjury, women with SCI are at a higher risk of experiencing depression than men. [6][7][8] A small multinational study revealed that females felt that SCI accelerated their aging process and they reported more problems with pain, fatigue, skin integrity, and transportation than males. 9 These issues warrant extensive investigation, especially with the knowledge that women (nondisabled) live on average 7.5 years longer than men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord injury influences psychogenic as well as physical components of female sexual ability

et al. 2006

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Study design: Secure, web-based survey. Objectives: Elicit specific information about sexual function from women with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Setting: World-wide web. Methods: Individuals 18 years or older living with SCI obtained a pass code to enter a secure website and then answered survey questions. Results: Bladder and/or bowel incontinence during sexual activity and/or sexual intercourse were significant concerns and prevented some women from seeking sexual activity. Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during sexual activity was interpreted negatively by many and was found to interfere with sexual activity. Most subjects reported difficulty becoming psychologically aroused as well as physically aroused, which were both correlated with feeling that their SCI had altered their sexual sense of self. An inverse relationship existed between developing new areas of arousal above the level of lesion and not having sensation or movement below the lesion. The most commonly reported sexual stimulation leading to the best arousal involved stimulation of the head/neck and torso areas. The majority of subjects reported having experienced intercourse postinjury. Most participants reported difficulty with positioning during foreplay and intercourse, vaginal lubrication, and spasticity during intercourse. Almost half reported experiencing orgasm postinjury and this was positively associated with the presence of genital sensation. Conclusion: SCI significantly impairs psychological and physical aspects of female sexual arousal. In addition, bladder and bowel incontinence as well as AD negatively impact sexual activity and intercourse.

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Depression after spinal cord injury: Relation to gender, ethnicity, aging, and socioeconomic indicators

Cited by 237 publications

References 20 publications

Nontraumatic spinal cord lesions: a prospective study of medical complications during in-patient rehabilitation

Nontraumatic spinal cord lesions: a prospective study of medical complications during in-patient rehabilitation

Depressive symptoms of patients using clean intermittent catheterization for neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury influences psychogenic as well as physical components of female sexual ability

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