Depressed cholinesterase activities among farm workers in New Jersey

Quinones, Mark A.; Bogden, John D.; Louria, Donald B.; Nakah, Ahmed El; Hansen, Chelsea L

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(76)90010-3

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The symptom significantly (p \ 0.05) reported by farmers is body weakness. This symptom is considered a common manifestation of cholinesterase inhibition (Quinones et al 1976;Yassin et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Ntow

Tagoe

Drechsel

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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A survey was undertaken to establish the extent of pesticide exposure in a farming community. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity in whole blood was used as a marker for assessing exposure to pesticides. Complete data were gathered for 63 farmers at Akumadan (exposed) and 58 control subjects at Tono, both prominent vegetable-farming communities in Ghana, by means of a questionnaire and blood cholinesterase analyses (acetylcholine assay). Although whole-blood ChE was significantly lower in the exposed than the control participants, it was not significantly correlated with either confounders of age, sex, body weight, and height or high-risks practices. The high-risks practices revealed during the survey included lack of use of personal protective clothing, short reentry intervals, and wrong direction of spraying of pesticides by hand or knapsack sprayer. About 97% of exposed participants had experienced symptoms attributable to pesticide exposure. The frequent symptoms were reported as weakness and headache. There is the need to review safety precautions in the use and application of pesticides in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Ntow

Tagoe

Drechsel

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…The symptom significantly (p < 0.05) reported by farmers is body weakness. This symptom is considered a common manifestation of cholinesterase inhibition (Quinones et al, 1976;Yassin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema PO Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: Pub. NL@tandf.co.uk www.balkema.nl, www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk, To the memory of Dr. Akosua Werekoa (aka Awo), this thesis is dedicated to her, my wife, Mrs Bernice Worlanyo Ntow and my parents, Francis Andrews Ntow andMargaret Kyei (Yaa Saah), whom God has used to bring me this far. Contents AcknowledgementsChapter 1 Introduction 1Chapter 2 Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana 9Chapter 3 Dissipation of endosulfan in field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cropped soil at Akumadan 27Chapter 4The impact of agricultural runoff on the quality of two streams at Akumadan and Tono 43Chapter 5 Occupational exposure to pesticides: blood cholinesterase activity in farmers at Akumadan 57Chapter Introduction GeneralWorldwide pesticide usage has increased tremendously since the 1960s. It has largely been responsible for the "green revolution", i.e. the massive increase in food production obtained from the same surface of land with the help of mineral fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), more efficient machinery and intensive irrigation. The use of pesticides helped to significantly reduce crop losses and to improve the yield of crops such as corn, maize, vegetables, potatoes and cotton. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of pesticides, their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health have been well documented worldwide and constitute a major issue that gives rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales (Planas et al., 1997; Huber et al., 2000; Kidd et al., 2001; Cerejeira et al., 2003). Residues of pesticides contaminate soils and water, persist in the crops, enter the food chain, and finally are ingested by humans with foodstuffs and water. Furthermore, pesticides can be held responsible for contributing to biodiversity losses and deterioration of natural habitats (Sattler et al., 2006). There have been reported instances of pest resurgence, development of resistance to pesticides, secondary pest outbreaks and destruction of non-target species. Despite the fact that pesticides are also applied in other sectors, agriculture can undoubtedly be seen as the most important source of adverse effects (Hoyer and Kratz, 2001; cited in Sattler et al., 2006).The application of different pesticides varies with the region. For instance, in North Ameri...

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“…Major poisonings among farm workers are fairly well characterized by several authors (Wicker et al 1975a,b, Zuskin et al 1993, Al-Salah 1994, Rodnitky et al 1975, Moses 1989a, but the health effects of routine, smaller exposure are uncertain. Previous studies discussed the pesticide exposure and related health problem s in farm workers, (Bodgen et al 1975, Quinones et al 1976, Richards et al 1983, Wicker et al 1975a,b, Moses 1989a,b, Ciesielsk i et al 1994, Zuskin et al 1993, Al-Salah 1994, but the identificat ion of risk factors that predict exposure are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide-related health problems and diseases among farmers in the United Arab Emirates

Beshwari¹,

Bener²,

Ameen³

et al. 1999

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of pesticides on farm workers and to identify some risk factors associated with pesticide conditions may cause adverse health effects in farm workers in the United Arab Emirates. This case ±control study consisted of 103 farm workers (case) and 105 non-farm workers (control), matched for age, sex and nationality selected from A1-Ain city, Dubai, Sharjah and Fujairah Emirates. Indian-subcontinent workers represented the majority among farmers (90.3%) and non-farmers (82.9%). While the majority of farmers were illiterate and had low level of education, the non-farmers slightly shifted towards a higher level of education (p < 0.0001). Most of the farmers were living in prefabricated houses (50.5%) and were washing the harvested product (72.8%) before eating. Farmers had higher prevalence of symptoms than non-farmers, being significantly greater for diarrhoea (p < 0.016), nausea/vomiting (p < 0.003), rash (p < 0.002), red/irritated eye/blurred vision (p < 0.024), increased anxiety (p < 0.003), dizziness (p < 0.0001), headache (p < 0.024), muscular symptoms (p < 0.015), memory loss (p < 0.0001), drowsiness (p < 0.003), fatigue (p < 0.001), dyspnoea (p < 0.005), and insomnia (p < 0.001). Also, farm workers had higher prevalence respiratory symptoms than non-farm workers being significantly greater for cough, phlegm, breathlessness, sinusitis, throat discomfort, chronic bronchitis, asthma diagnosis by doctor, allergic rhinitis, skin pruritus (tinea, contact dermatitis) and eczema. In conclusion, this study determined possible exposure and associated risk factors with pesticides among farmers and there is evidence that some of the illnesses obtained in this study could be related to excessive exposure to pesticides.

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Depressed cholinesterase activities among farm workers in New Jersey

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Pesticide-related health problems and diseases among farmers in the United Arab Emirates

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