Depositional setting of the Oligocene sequence of the Western Carpathians in the Polish Spisz region – a reinterpretation based on integrated palynofacies and sedimentological analyses

Abstract

., 2017. Depositional set ting of the Oligocene se quence of the West ern Carpathians in the Pol ish Spisz re gion -a re in ter pre ta tion based on in te grated palynofacies and sedimentological anal y ses. Geo log i cal Quarterly, 61 (4): 859-876, doi: 10.7306/gq.1382The re search on the Oligocene suc ces sion of the Cen tral Carpathian Paleogene Ba sin (CCPB) in the Kacwin re gion fo cused on sedimentological and palynofacies anal y ses. Ob ser va tions were car ried out in nat u ral ex po sures along three streams flow ing in the Pol ish Spisz: Kacwinianka, Łapszanka and Kacwiński. Three main groups of lithofacies have been dis tinguished: coarse-grained, mixed and sandy-grained, and fine-grained. The lithofacies are char ac ter ized by vari able sed i mentary struc tures, e.g. mas sive struc ture, hor i zon tal lam i na tion, rip ple cross-lam i na tion, hummocky cross-strat i fi ca tion, de for ma tion struc ture. Sedimentological anal y ses showed that struc tures typ i cal for tur bid ity cur rents and those char ac ter istic of rel a tively shal low de po si tion (HCS, wave rip ples) could co ex ist in the in ves ti gated suc ces sion in ter preted as typ i cal for tur bid ity cur rents in flu enced by storm waves. This in di cates rel a tively shal low-wa ter en vi ron ments. The palynofacies anal ysis en abled iden ti fi ca tion of the fol low ing com po nents: black wood, brown wood, cor tex, resin, sporomorphs, cu ti cle, al gae, dinoflagellates and AOM. A high pro por tion of black wood and low di ver sity of com po nents point to an or i gin re lated to tur bidity cur rents. Fur ther more, re sults of the palynofacies anal y sis have al lowed de ter min ing that, dur ing the de po si tion of the CCPB sed i ments in the Pol ish Spisz area, the dis tance be tween the de po si tion area and the source area be came rel a tively large. The biostratigraphic anal y sis of dinoflagellate cysts from the Podhale Ba sin (Szaflary, Zakopane, and lower Chochołów beds) in di cates an Early Rupelian age. More over, kerogen anal y sis in the UV was ap plied for the first time to study the CCPB suc ces sion. As a re sult, re work ing was doc u mented, so far un rec og nized by other meth ods, and the mu tual ver i fi ca tion of the ob tained re sults was pos si ble.

Turbidite sedimentology, biostratigraphy and paleoecology: A case study from the Oligocene Zuberec Fm. (Liptov Basin, Central Western Carpathians)

“…They interpreted the age of this formation as the Priabonian-Lower Oligocene. The Oligocene age of the Zuberec Formation has also been confirmed in other parts of the CCPB (e.g., Olszewska & Wieczorek 1998;Gedl 2000;Soták et al 2001;Garecka 2005;Filipek et al 2017).…”

„Depositional setting of the Oligocene sequence of the Western Carpathians in the Polish Spisz region – a reinterpretation based on integrated palynofacies and sedimentological analyses” – Reply

“…B and Caligodinium sp. have been found in the ana lysed sam ples, es pe cially in sam ple 8£m (Filipek et al, 2017). Spec i mens of Caligodinium spp.…”

“…De tailed sedimentological stud ies (based on par tic u lar li thology and char ac ter is tic sed i men tary struc tures) have not been car ried out in the Kacwin area prior to the pa per by Filipek et al (2017). Al though there are pa pers de voted to sedimento logical is sues, they were fo cused mainly ei ther on palaeo transport direc tions (e.g., Marschalko and Radomski, 1960;Westwalewicz --Mogilska, 1986; or on gen eral geo log i cal topics for the en tire Podhale re gion with only a small amount of data com ing from the Pol ish Spiš re gion (Radomski, 1958).…”

“…Gedl (2018) sug gested that Filipek et al (2017) in cor rectly used the Deflandrea group to in ter pret the palaeoenvironment due to the pres ence of rep re sen ta tives of the same spe cies (Deflandrea phosporitica) with a dif fer ent state of pres er va tion in one sam ple, which is re lated to the redeposition/re cy cling of spec i mens of this taxon: "…they re con struct sed i men tary setting of these de pos its (Filipek et al, 2017: p. 864) with out not ing that a few pages away they treat them as re cy cled, and announce their omit ting from fur ther in ter pre ta tion". In fact, fol lowing Gedl (2000: p. 78, 151), we use group com pris ing Deflandrea and Caligodinium to sup port the re con struc tion of the sed i men tary set ting.…”

“…In our work (Filipek et al, 2017) we have es ti mated the sed imen ta tion rate for the Podhale flysch-se quence (ex clud ing the Up per Chocho³ów Beds) based on the geo log i cal time scale by Vandenbergh et al (2012), in which the du ra tion of the Rupelian is 5.8 My. Fig ure 3 from Filipek et al (2017) shows that the co-occur rence in ter val of Wetzeliella articulata and W. gochti lasted 2 My (based on Powell, 1992).…”