Depositional model for mixed carbonate-clastic sediments in the Middle Cambrian Lower Zhangxia Formation, Xiaweidian, North China

Zhang, Xingwen; Pang, Xiongqi; Jin, Zhenkui; Hu, Tao; Toyin, A.; Wang, Ke

doi:10.26804/ager.2020.01.04

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Using MD simulations, some researchers have investigated the wettability of mineral and organic surfaces. − Chen et al investigated the shale gas adsorption capacity. Xiong et al − investigated the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic compounds on silica surfaces and the synergistic adsorption of polyaromatic compounds. Wang et al investigated the competitive adsorption of methane and ethane on nanopores under supercritical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence Characteristics of Water in Nano-Slit Pores under Different Solution Conditions: A Case Study on Kaolinite

Zhou

Song

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The presence of water in narrow pore spaces affects the occurrence and flow of methane, which in turn affects shale gas production. Therefore, studying the occurrence and distribution characteristics of water is of great significance to predict gas production. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, this study investigated the occurrence characteristics and influencing variables of liquid water in kaolinite nanopores in situ. Owing to its widespread distribution, kaolinite is the most prevalent clay mineral with two surfaces with different characteristics. Three systems of pure water, a CaCl 2 solution, and a H 2 O/CH 4 mixed phase were created at varied temperatures (80−120 °C) and pressures (70−120 MPa). The presence of gas and water in the nanopores was investigated thoroughly. The results showed that the adsorption of water on the Al−O octahedral surface of kaolinite was not affected by external conditions under in situ conditions, whereas the adsorption of water on the Si−O tetrahedral surface decreased with increasing temperature, but the change was small. When ions were present in the system, the water capacity decreased. Based on the aforementioned results, external conditions, such as temperature and pressure do not affect the basic state of water. However, if there are more than two fluid types in the system, the adsorption of water on the mineral surface is reduced owing to competitive adsorption. In addition, a CH 4 −H 2 O mixed system was simulated, in which methane molecules were distributed in clusters. There are two types of adsorptions in pores: gas−solid interactions and solid−liquid−gas interactions. CH 4 molecules are thought to be clustered in water molecules because of the strong hydrogen bonding interactions among the water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence Characteristics of Water in Nano-Slit Pores under Different Solution Conditions: A Case Study on Kaolinite

Zhou

Song

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…The factors affecting the deposition rate of carbonate rocks are more complex than those of clastic rocks. Sea-level location, marine water flu, paleogeomorphology, paleo-water temperature, paleo-salinity, local material sources, and other factors may affect the deposition rate of carbonate rocks. , Obviously, when the shale content is greater than 10%, the deposition rate and the shale content show a weak positive correlation ( R 2 is between 0.2596 and 0.4510). While when the mud content is less than 10%, there is no obvious correlation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating the Eroded Thickness Corresponding to a Short-Term Tectonic Uplift with Milankovitch Theory: A Case Study of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

et al. 2021

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The Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin is a typical carbonate karst reservoir. At the end of the Middle Permian, a short-term tectonic uplift (Tungwu movement) occurred in the upper Yangtze region, causing the formation of dissolved fissures and holes. To determine the location of the high-quality reservoir, this paper calculated the eroded thickness using the Milankovitch theory. Based on the gamma logging data of the six wells in the southeastern Sichuan Basin, the dominant frequency and the astronomical time scale were evaluated via frequency spectrum analysis, continuous wavelet transform, and empirical mode decomposition. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between Fischer curve characteristics and the variation of lithology. Last, four methods were used to calculate the eroded thickness, and the rationality was analyzed. Consequently, we identified four levels of Milankovitch cycles, i.e., middle eccentricity (e2), short eccentricity (e3), long obliquity (o1), and short obliquity (o2). Also, the Fischer curves of the six wells were divided into two forms related to local structural uplift. The residual strata of the Maokou Formation comprised three complete third-order cycles, and the boundaries were the 15th, 34th, and 54th e3 cycles. The deposition rate of bioclastic limestone was the lowest (2.12–5.36 cm/ka with an average of 3.30 cm/ka), whereas the deposition rate of argillaceous limestone was the largest (2.27–5.25 cm/ka with an average of 4.09 cm/ka). Among the four methods, the missing formation deposition rate method exhibited the most precise calculation results, while that of the seismic data method was relatively low. Generally, the eroded thickness of the Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan was in the range of 0–140 m, i.e., the eroded thickness in the west and south of X14 was relatively large (>100 m), while the area north of LS1 experienced the weakest denudation (eroded thickness < 40 m).

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“…Most of the carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are thick-bedded blocks with large resource reserves. Compared with the characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in mainland China, which are dominated by cavities and fractures [4,5], carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are dominated by pores, which have complex structures and diverse types, leading to strong reservoir inhomogeneity and making the evaluation of parameters in these unconventional reservoirs technically challenging [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation Determination and Fluid Identification in Carbonate Rocks Based on Well Logging Data: A Middle Eastern Case Study

Guo

Ling

et al. 2023

Processes

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In the Middle East, there remain many technical challenges in the water saturation evaluation of carbonate rocks and the effective identification of reservoir fluid properties. The traditional Archie equation is not applicable to carbonate reservoirs with complex pore structures and varying reservoir space distribution, as there are obvious “non-Archie” phenomena. In this paper, by analyzing the experimental data on the rock resistivity of the target formation in the study area and analyzing the relationship between stratigraphic factors and porosity, the previous fitting method was modified as a result of using the actual data while avoiding the cementation index as a way to improve Archie’s formula to evaluate the water saturation. Based on the improved Archie formula, the mathematical differential operation of water saturation and porosity was carried out using the formation resistivity. The calculation results of irreducible water saturation were used to calibrate the oil layer, and the water layer was calibrated when the water saturation was 100%, allowing for a novel reservoir fluid property identification method. This total differential method can effectively identify the oil-down-to (ODT) and water-up-to (WUT) levels in an oil–water system and then accurately divide the transition zone of the oil–water layer. When this method was applied, the identification results were in good agreement with production conclusions and test data with an accuracy rate of 89.95%. Although the use of geophysical logging data from open-hole wells combined with the total differential method is only applicable to wells with similar logging time and production time, it is possible to compare geophysical logging data from different periods to construct oil–water profiles to observe the changes in ODT over time to guide development and adjust production plans. The proposed reservoir fluid property identification method and the improved water saturation calculation formula can meet the requirements of water saturation evaluation in the target block with low calculation cost and easy implementation, which provides a new method for water saturation evaluation and rapid identification of reservoir fluid properties.

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Depositional model for mixed carbonate-clastic sediments in the Middle Cambrian Lower Zhangxia Formation, Xiaweidian, North China

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Occurrence Characteristics of Water in Nano-Slit Pores under Different Solution Conditions: A Case Study on Kaolinite

Occurrence Characteristics of Water in Nano-Slit Pores under Different Solution Conditions: A Case Study on Kaolinite

Calculating the Eroded Thickness Corresponding to a Short-Term Tectonic Uplift with Milankovitch Theory: A Case Study of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

Saturation Determination and Fluid Identification in Carbonate Rocks Based on Well Logging Data: A Middle Eastern Case Study

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