Depositional environments and facies of the Late Triassic Abu Ruweis Formation, Jordan

Makhlouf, Issa M.; El-Haddad, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.10.017

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar compositions were reported by Heller‐Kallai et al. (1973) from these and from the Sinai outcrops, as well as by Makhlouf & El‐Haddad (2006) from the Jordan outcrop. Shales are accompanied by gypsum in veins of varying thickness, or in concretions consisting of clusters of lenticular crystals 4 to 5 mm in length.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2010), North Africa (Salem et al. , 1998; Turner & Sherif, 2007) and the Arabian Plate (Shinaq, 1996; Ziegler, 2001; Makhlouf & El‐Haddad, 2006). The North African and Arabian plate deposits are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These evaporites are hosted in basins that may be very large, for example, many hundreds of kilometres in length, such as in Iraq (Ziegler, 2001) or Libya (Turner & Sherif, 2007). In Jordan, Syria and Israel they are much smaller, in the order of tens of kilometres (Druckman, 1974; Shinaq, 1996; Krasheninnikov, 2005; Makhlouf & El‐Haddad, 2006; Korngreen & Benjamini, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithofacies and cyclicity of Mohilla evaporite basins on the rifted margin of the Levant in the Late Triassic, Makhtesh Ramon, southern Israel

2012

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Marine‐connected basins with evaporites occur beneath most extensional continental margins that originated at low‐latitudes and often are of major economic significance. Cyclicity in the evaporite lithofacies reflects the degree of restriction of the basin, overprinted by sea‐level changes, and caused by structural movements in the barrier region, whether by fault‐block rotation, footwall uplift or hanging wall subsidence, in both extensional and compressional basins. The Upper Triassic evaporites of the Ramon section in southern Israel model cyclic sedimentation in such environments. The Mohilla Formation is a carbonate–evaporate–siliciclastic succession of Carnian age that fills a chain of basins extending along the Levant margin from southern Israel to Jordan and Syria. The basins developed in half‐grabens adjacent to normal faults that formed during a period of regional extension. Evaporites of this formation are well‐exposed in outcrops at Makhtesh Ramon, the southernmost of these basins. The M2 Member of the Mohilla Formation is composed of 42 sub‐metre cycles of alternating dolostone, gypsum and calcareous shales. Field and microfacies analysis showed these cycles to conform mostly to restricted shallow and marginal marine environments, spatially limited by the uplifted shoulders of the half‐graben systems. A total of 10 facies types belonging to six depositional environments have been identified. From stacking patterns and analysis of bed to bed change, cycles can be categorized into three groupings: (i) low frequency exposure to exposure cycles that developed under eustatic or climate control; (ii) high frequency deepening/shallowing‐upward cycles, characterized by gradual transitions due to short‐term sea‐level or runoff‐event oscillations possibly referable to orbital forcing; and (iii) high frequency shallowing‐upward cycles, characterized by abrupt transitions, attributable to sporadic tectonic events affecting accommodation space or barrier effectiveness. The way facies and cycling of the sedimentary environments was deciphered in the Mohilla evaporite basin can be used to unravel the genesis of many other evaporite basins with barriers of tectonic origin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithofacies and cyclicity of Mohilla evaporite basins on the rifted margin of the Levant in the Late Triassic, Makhtesh Ramon, southern Israel

2012

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“…The sedimentary features observed in parallel-laminated limestone can be explained as the result of deposition in a body of water with alternating flooding and evaporative intervals, as described in several saline environments such as perennial saline lakes, saline pans, and coastal salinas (Lowenstein and Hardie 1985;Smoot and Lowenstein 1991;Schubel and Lowenstein 1997;Makhlouf and Aziz El-Hadad 2006;Gibert et al 2007). The alternation of flooding and evaporation caused salinity fluctuations, which led to an alternating deposition of mudstone and precipitation of evaporitic layers under calm conditions without action of currents or agitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Depositional Depth of Laminated Carbonate Deposits: Insights From the Lower Cretaceous Valdeprado Formation (Cameros Basin, Northern Spain)

Quijada¹,

Suárez-González²,

Benito³

et al. 2013

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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The Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian) Valdeprado Formation (Cameros Basin, northern Spain) contains more than 900 m of laminated carbonates and pseudomorphs after sulfates. Traditionally, many sedimentary packages of different ages and lithologies have been interpreted as deep-water deposits based essentially on the abundance of laminations and the absence of subaerial exposure features. In contrast, the Valdeprado Formation provides an example of a shallow-water deposit dominated by laminations with scarce evidence of subaerial exposure, and gives criteria to solve the challenge of distinguishing shallow-water and deep-water, ancient laminated deposits.The two most abundant facies all along the Valdeprado Formation are: a) parallel-laminated limestone, formed by alternating carbonate mudstone and calcite and quartz pseudomorphs after displacive gypsum, and b) graded-laminated limestone, consisting of quartz, mica, ostracodes, and pseudomorphs after detrital gypsum grains at the base, which changes gradually upwards to carbonate mudstone. Parallel-laminated limestone and graded-laminated limestone could have been deposited in either deep or shallow environments as a result of salinity fluctuations driven by alternation of flooding and evaporation and by sediment resuspension processes, respectively. Subaerial exposure features, such as desiccation mudcracks, are scarce in most of the succession, except in a few meter-scale stratigraphic intervals where they are very abundant. Interestingly, in these intervals desiccation cracks are present at the tops of several successive laminae (up to 25 mudcracked laminae per meter of deposit), indicating that, at least during those periods of time, deposition occurred in shallow water bodies that were desiccated frequently. In the upper part of the stratigraphic section, parallel-laminated and graded-laminated limestones are associated with current-ripple and wave-ripple cross-laminated arenites, and ostracode mudstone to wackestone with centimeter-size pseudomorphs after lenticular gypsum, and abundant desiccation mudcracks and tepees, which also suggest sedimentation in shallow-water environments. Moreover, the laminated carbonates display continuous, parallel layering, and the same facies along the 40-km-long outcropping area. These deposits are directly interbedded with, and pass laterally to, siliciclastic sandy-muddy flat deposits in the western area of the basin, without clinoforms, slump structures, or slide masses in between. All of these features suggest deposition in shallow, perennial carbonate-sulfate water bodies and their peripheral mudflats, developed in a flat-bottomed basin with no marked gradients.

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“…Evaporite formation reached an all time maximum during the Triassic, the late zenith to the break-up phase of Pangea (Gordon, 1975). The main Triassic evaporite deposits are situated in southwestern-central Europe (Germanic and Lorrain basins: Vescei and Duringer, 2003;Fanlo and Ayora, 1998;central-southeast Iberia: Orti, 1987;Jurado, 1990;Salvany, 1990;Serrano and Olmo, 1990;Orti et al, 1996;Zarza et al, 2002), in the Atlas and Saharan platform (Kamoun et al, 2001;Courel et al, 2003), in northern Appennines (Reutter et al, 1983;Lugli, 2001;Lugli et al, 2002), in eastern Europe of the Carpathian Keuper (Marcoux and Baud, 1995), in Israel (Hirsch, 1984), in the Palmirides and Zaros area, northern Arabia (Searle, 1994;Mouty, 1997;Sadooni and Dalqamouni, 1998;Jamal et al, 2000;Makhlouf and El-Haddad, 2006), in the Hellenic Trench (Krahl et al, 1983;Papanikolaou, 1988;Zelilidis et al, 1998;Papaioannou and Karakitsios, 2002), and in Antalya-Tahtalı Dag Unit (Ö zgü l, 1976;Robertson and Woodcock, 1984). These Triassic evaporate-bearing sediments have been separated and moved several kilometers by thrust faults related to the Alpine orogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gypsiferous carbonates at Honaz Dağı (Denizli): First documentation of Triassic gypsum in western Turkey and its tectonic significance

Gündoğan

Helvacı

Sözbi̇li̇r

2008

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Depositional environments and facies of the Late Triassic Abu Ruweis Formation, Jordan

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Lithofacies and cyclicity of Mohilla evaporite basins on the rifted margin of the Levant in the Late Triassic, Makhtesh Ramon, southern Israel

Lithofacies and cyclicity of Mohilla evaporite basins on the rifted margin of the Levant in the Late Triassic, Makhtesh Ramon, southern Israel

Depositional Depth of Laminated Carbonate Deposits: Insights From the Lower Cretaceous Valdeprado Formation (Cameros Basin, Northern Spain)

Gypsiferous carbonates at Honaz Dağı (Denizli): First documentation of Triassic gypsum in western Turkey and its tectonic significance

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