“…The deposition begins with a basal transgressive interval (Itararé Group), which is overlain by fluvio-paralic and lagoon back-barrier systems, where peat deposition generated expressive coal seams and rich plant assemblages have been described for roof shale levels (Jasper et al, 2006;Guerra-Sommer et al, 2008;Simas et al, 2013), continues with marine facies association (Rio Bonito Formation) followed by the maximum flooding interval (Palermo Formation). The subsequent rock packet (Irati Formation) documents an unique moment in the evolution of the basin into the onset of its intracratonic configuration, when an effective restriction on the water circulation between the synclines and Panthalassa Ocean occurred, culminating in a hypersaline environmental context and a progressive closure of the marine incursions from the west.…”
“…The deposition begins with a basal transgressive interval (Itararé Group), which is overlain by fluvio-paralic and lagoon back-barrier systems, where peat deposition generated expressive coal seams and rich plant assemblages have been described for roof shale levels (Jasper et al, 2006;Guerra-Sommer et al, 2008;Simas et al, 2013), continues with marine facies association (Rio Bonito Formation) followed by the maximum flooding interval (Palermo Formation). The subsequent rock packet (Irati Formation) documents an unique moment in the evolution of the basin into the onset of its intracratonic configuration, when an effective restriction on the water circulation between the synclines and Panthalassa Ocean occurred, culminating in a hypersaline environmental context and a progressive closure of the marine incursions from the west.…”
“…Cordaitophytic pollen grains also love the mesophilous palaeoenvironemnt near the mire and palaeoecologically they inhabited in well drained, clastic low land substrates (Taylor & Taylor, 1993). Fragmentary presence of cordaites recommends the incursion of remnants of a parautochthonous seasonal dryland fl ora in the depositional environment (Jasper et al, 2006 Rothwell (1988), DiMichele & Phillips (1985 (Guerra-Sommer et al, 1983) in telmatic environment (forest moor) in a habitat with periods of standing water (Teichmuller, 1962). Similar type of palaeoenvironment has also been interpreted in Brazil (Guerra-Sommer et al, 1983;Cazzulo-Klepzig et al, 2007).…”
Section: Floristic Changes and Paleoecological Variabilitymentioning
-This article integrates palaeobotanical and palynological analysis to establish palynostratigraphic succession and depositional environment for the borecore MGK-6 from Kachinapalli area of Lingala-Koyagudem coal belt of Godavari Graben, South India. Palynological analysis in sub-surface sediments of 490.10 m deep borecore have divulged occurrence of three palynoassemblages. Palynoassemblage I at 314. 25-346.65 A Palinoassembleia I (palinofl ora Barakar) é de idade artinskiana enquanto as Palinoassembleias II e III (palinofl ora Raniganj) pertencem à idade guadalupiana. O predomínio de vegetação arborescente (glossopterídeas e coníferas), baixa proporção de esporos (licófi tas, esfenófi tas e fi licófi tas) e presença esparsa de elementos de algálicos sugerem que a paisagem turfosa de Kachinapalli estava localizada na área intercontinental e o carvão foi formado em pântanos turfosos com fl orestas, situados em ambientes de água doce.
“…According to Jasper et al (2006), Quitéria Outcrop is an isolated and fragmented exposition of the Rio Bonito Formation over the Sul Rio-Grandense Shield, preserved in a collapsed block following the North-West direction. The outcropping section is little thick (6.40 m) and does not present contact with the overlapped and eroded interval, neither with the one underlying, which is covered.…”
The genus Lycopodites, which encompasses the herbaceous forms of the lycopsids, presents broad time and spacial distribution during the Paleozoic in the Northern Hemisphere, with its initial records dating from the European Devonian. As to Gondwanan Paleozoic, to this moment, only Lycopodites amazonica Dolianiti had been reported for the Amazonian Middle Devonian (Curuá Group). Thus, the specimens reported in this study such as Lycopodites sp., coming from sedimentary rocks of the Itararé Subgroup, São Paulo State, and Lycopodites riograndensis sp. nov., collected in Rio Bonito Formation, Rio Grande do Sul, represent the oldest fertile forms recorded for Gondwana and the first ones to be described for the Paraná Basin. Its presence in layers, deposited after the end of the Neopaleozoic Glaciation, shows the appearance of new taxa in high latitudes, as well as the diversity of the lycopsids present in the Basin, previously indicated through the abundance of spores associated to the Class Lycopsida present in the palinomorphous assemblages.
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