Depositional Architecture and Petrophysical Variability of an Oolitic Tidal Sand Shoal: Pennsylvanian (Missourian), Kansas, U.S.A.

Rankey, Eugene C.; Goodner, Hamilton; Doveton, John H.

doi:10.2110/jsr.2018.57

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As initial sediment character controls depositional pores and influences subsequent modifications, systematic stratigraphic changes in grain size, sorting, and type have the ultimate potential to influence petrophysical properties within oolitic reservoirs (cf. Jennings and Lucia, 2001;Rankey et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock fabric controls on pore evolution and porosity–permeability trends in oolitic grainstone reservoirs and reservoir analogs

et al. 2020

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Although the general influence of rock fabric on porosity and permeability (Φ-k) within carbonates is well documented, if and how pore evolution and Φ-k scatter quantitatively relate to depositional fabric remains poorly constrained. This project empirically explores this uncertainty within oolitic grainstones from a range of geologic ages and diagenetic histories to understand depositional sediment-pore relationships, and how they can evolve with lithification.Integrating data from point counting, digital image analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and core analysis of Holocene, Pleistocene, Pennsylvanian, and Mississippian oolitic grainstones reveals quantitative relations among rock fabric, pores, and petrophysical parameters. Oolitic grainstones of similar sedimentology taken from distinct diagenetic scenarios display a unique combination of pore size, shape, spatial distribution, and Φ-k character. Within each scenario, grain size, sorting, and type are correlated more closely with pore attributes and k than cementation and compaction. Collectively, these results are interpreted to suggest that diagenesis defines the absolute values of pore attributes and petrophysical parameters, but sedimentology controls the trends or variability within an oolitic succession. The implication of these findings is that petrophysical variability within oolitic reservoirs closely follows sedimentologic trends, which may be predictable within a stratigraphic framework.First and foremost, I am especially grateful for my advisor Gene Rankey. I am eternally grateful for him believing in me and giving me the opportunity to work under him. Gene's investment in his students' overall success is unmatched. His guidance and patience embodies the exemplary advisor. His technical and non-technical support gave me the opportunity to be successful as a geologist and person throughout life. I also recognize my advisory committee members of Drs.Chi Zhang and Lynn Watney. Chi's NMR laboratory facilities were crucial to the completion of this study, and she provided valuable guidance on petrophysical methodologies and interpretation. Lynn's experience and knowledge of Kansas geology was instrumental in shaping this study.I thank Nikki Potter and the Kansas Geological Survey for lending their time and facilities during the selection and collection of the core samples in this study. I also would like to highlight the KGS for their exceptional organization and documentation, which provides aspiring scientists with the public resources and structure to contribute to the greater geoscience community. In addition, I thank Dr. Jon Smith at the KGS for allowing me to use his petrographic facilities, which allowed me to obtain data that was fundamental to this study. I am also grateful for the fellow students in Dr. Rankey's research group, who provided countless conversations, brainstorms, and feedback that helped me progress throughout my time at KU. v I cannot conclude without thanking my friends and family. My friends at KU kept me positive and prod...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock fabric controls on pore evolution and porosity–permeability trends in oolitic grainstone reservoirs and reservoir analogs

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, ooids can reflect a biosignature if formed via microbial mediated precipitation (Ariztegui et al ., 2012; Diaz et al ., 2017; Harris et al ., 2019). Oolites are significant in the evolution of marine and lacustrine carbonate stratigraphic records of all ages worldwide, and frequently can be linked to hydrocarbon accumulations (Sandberg, 1975; Ferguson & Ibe, 1982; Davaud & Girardclos, 2001; Rankey et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical ooid diversity in the Upper Cretaceous Yacoraite Formation, Argentina

2022

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This study reports on ooid diversity from different lithotypes of the Yacoraite Formation (Salta Group basin) in the Central Andes of north‐west Argentina. The ooids display a variety of internal and external morphologies that may be deployed as proxies for seawater chemistry and hydrodynamic processes. A short review of nomenclature problems is first discussed, followed by presentation of a two‐fold quantitative and qualitative methodology. Our proposed classification addresses internal and external ooid characters in order to understand growth in response to various environmental processes at an individual particle level. This classification allows discrimination between a variety of morphologies, but also evaluation of the complexity of the processes involved in ooid formation as seen in the fossil record. This study evaluates whether the ooids present within the Yacoraite Formation share similarities with ooids formed in marine versus marine lagoon and/or lacustrine environments. A possible lacustrine interpretation finds its origin in the diverse assemblage of ooid morphotypes present, which exceeds the variations described for marine ooids. However, growth paths and occurrence of various compound morphologies point to intense marine recycling, suggesting little accommodation. Together with other sedimentological characteristics, for example, bi‐directional cross‐bedding, tidal shoals, hummocky cross‐stratification and exposure surfaces, these features suggest that marine processes had an impact on the sediments. Therefore, the ooid assemblage of the Cretaceous Yacoraite Formation was most likely formed in a shallow coastal lagoon in the framework of an epicontinental sea that at times experienced marine flooding events. A detailed evaluation of processes involved in oolite formation is needed in order to improve the stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental understanding of ooid formation through time. This includes examining alternating constructive and destructive stages, early binding and cementation, reworking, recycling and averaging processes.

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“…In tidal flat carbonate, permeability anisotropy results from the interfingering of the heterogeneous facies mosaic (Shinn et al, 1969;Grover and Read, 1978;Shinn, 1983;Pratt and JAMES, 1986;Read et al, 1986;Rankey, 2002;Rankey and Morgan, 2002). Therefore, distinguishing the spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentary strata in the rock record provides insights into the controls on the permeability anisotropy in subsurface reservoirs (Meyer et al, 1996;Amour et al, 2011;Purkis and Vlaswinkel, 2012;Eltom et al, 2013;Stanley et al, 2014;Rankey et al, 2018). Previous works in modern tidal flat environments and in their equivalent strata in the rock record have recognized various geological parameters that can be used to develop predictive facies models that facilitate the understanding of permeability anisotropy in these environments (Verwer et al, 2009;Palermo et al, 2010;Amour et al, 2011;Petrovic et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Modeling and Fluid Flow Simulation for the Quantitative Description of Permeability Anisotropy in Tidal Flat Carbonate

Eltom¹,

Saraih²,

Esteva³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Three-dimensional (3D) facies and petrophysical models were generated from previously published data of carbonate strata in the Dam Formation (eastern Saudi Arabia) to quantitatively investigate, describe, understand, model, and predict the permeability anisotropy of tidal flat carbonate within a sequence stratigraphic framework. The resulting 3D models were used to conduct fluid flow simulations to demonstrate how permeability anisotropy influences the production of hydrocarbons and ultimately affects decisions concerning future drilling in the exploration and development of carbonate reservoirs that have tidal flat strata. The constructed 3D facies model consists of four lithofacies associations, two of which were grain-dominated associations and two of which were mud-dominated associations. These lithofacies associations varied spatially in four reservoir zones (zones 1 to 4), which represent two fourth-order sequences in the uppermost part of the Dam Formation. Zones 1 and 3 consist of transgressive parasequences, and zones 2 and 4 consist of the regressive parasequences of these sequences. The 3D porosity and permeability models have a coherent match with the distribution of the lithofacies and the stratigraphic framework of the Dam Formation. The results suggested that the permeability anisotropy in zones 1 and 3 is controlled by the occurrence of the grain-dominated lithofacies associated with tidal flat channels. This lithofacies association overlies the sequence boundaries of sequences 1 and 3, forms reservoir bodies with relatively high permeability values, and is elongated perpendicular to the shoreline of the depositional environments. In contrast, permeability anisotropy in zones 2 and 4 is thought to be controlled by the occurrence of the grain-dominated lithofacies associated with the oolitic shoal. This lithofacies association overlies the maximum flooding surface of sequences 2 and 4, forms reservoir bodies with relatively high permeability values, and is elongated parallel to the shoreline of the depositional environments. Fluid flow simulation results suggested that the trend in hydrocarbon production from the constructed 3D models depends on permeability anisotropy in each reservoir zone. Thus, recognizing trends in permeability anisotropy, which might be predicted using sequences stratigraphy, could help to identify potential areas for future drilling.

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Depositional Architecture and Petrophysical Variability of an Oolitic Tidal Sand Shoal: Pennsylvanian (Missourian), Kansas, U.S.A.

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Rock fabric controls on pore evolution and porosity–permeability trends in oolitic grainstone reservoirs and reservoir analogs

Rock fabric controls on pore evolution and porosity–permeability trends in oolitic grainstone reservoirs and reservoir analogs

Atypical ooid diversity in the Upper Cretaceous Yacoraite Formation, Argentina

Three-Dimensional Modeling and Fluid Flow Simulation for the Quantitative Description of Permeability Anisotropy in Tidal Flat Carbonate

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