Deposition Velocities of Non-Newtonian Slurries in Pipelines: Complex Simulant Testing

Poloski, Adam P.; Bonebrake, Michael L.; Casella, Andrew M.; Johnson, Michael D.; Toth, James J.; Adkins, Harold E.; Chun, Jaehun; Denslow, Kayte M.; Luna, Maria L.; Tingey, Joel M.

doi:10.2172/992020

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These studies have included investigations of gas retention and release (Gauglitz et al 1994, 1996, Stewart et al 1996b), sediment mobilization (Powell et al 1995b, Enderlin et al 2003, Bontha et al 2005, Kurath et al 2007, and slurry transport (Poloski et al 2009a, Bontha et al 2010. The waste extrusion shear strength method development of Gauglitz and Aiken (1997) used bentonite slurry to mimic ductile waste behavior.…”

Section: 179mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Wells¹,

Kurath²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2011

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103

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Executive SummaryThe Hanford Site in Washington State manages 177 underground storage tanks containing approximately 250,000 m 3 of waste generated during past defense reprocessing and waste management operations. These tanks contain a mixture of sludge, saltcake and supernatant liquids. The insoluble sludge fraction of the waste consists of metal oxides and hydroxides and contains the bulk of many radionuclides such as the transuranic components and 90 Sr. The saltcake, generated by extensive evaporation of aqueous solutions, consists primarily of dried sodium salts. The supernates consist of concentrated (5-15 M) aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium salts. The 177 storage tanks include 149 single-shell tanks (SSTs) and 28 double-shell tanks (DSTs).Ultimately the wastes need to be retrieved from the tanks for treatment and disposal. The SSTs contain minimal amounts of liquid wastes, and the Tank Operations Contractor is continuing a program of moving solid wastes from SSTs to interim storage in the DSTs. The Hanford DST system provides the staging location for waste feed delivery to the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection's (ORP) Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The WTP is being designed and constructed to pretreat and then vitrify a large portion of the wastes in Hanford's 177 underground waste storage tanks.The retrieval, transport, treatment and disposal operations involve the handling of a wide range of slurries. Solids in the slurry have a wide range of particle size, density and chemical characteristics. Depending on the solids concentration the slurries may exhibit a Newtonian or a non-Newtonian rheology.The extent of knowledge of the physical and rheological properties is a key component to the success of the design and implementation of the waste processing facilities. These properties are used in engineering calculations in facility designs. Knowledge of the waste properties is also necessary for the development and fabrication of simulants that are used in testing at various scales. The expense and hazards associated with obtaining and using actual wastes dictates that simulants be used at many stages in the testing and scale-up of process equipment. The results presented in this report should be useful for estimating process and equipment performance and provide a technical basis for development of simulants for testing.The purpose of this document is to provide an updated summary of the Hanford waste characterization data pertinent to safe storage, retrieval, transport and processing operations for both the tank farms and the WTP and thereby identify gaps in understanding and data. Important waste parameters for these operations are identified by examining examples of relevant mathematical models of selected phenomena including: The data sets in (UDS composition and particle density, UDS primary particle size and shape, UDS particle size distributions [PSDs], and estimated particle size and density distributions [PSDDs]) and Poloski et al. (2007) ...

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Section: 179mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Wells¹,

Kurath²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2011

Self Cite

103

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“…In a recent study, Poloski et al (2009b) varied the concentration of kaolin clay and TSPP in simulants to adjust the rheology of the slurries. Some preliminary scoping studies were done where TSPP was 2.3 added to a kaolin slurry that had a Bingham yield stress of about 45 Pa.…”

Section: Role Of Cohesive Particle Interactions On Slurry Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cohesive Particle Interactions on Solids Uniformity and Mobilization During Jet Mixing: Testing Recommendations

Gauglitz¹,

Wells²,

Bamberger³

et al. 2010

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Executive SummaryRadioactive waste that is currently stored in large underground tanks at the Hanford Site will be staged in selected double-shell tanks (DSTs) and then transferred to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Before being transferred, the waste will be mixed, sampled, and characterized to determine if the waste composition meets the waste feed specifications. Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) is conducting a Tank Mixing and Sampling Demonstration Program to determine the mixing effectiveness of the current baseline mixing system that uses two jet mixer pumps to mobilize and mix waste in DSTs and to determine the adequacy of the planned sampling method. The overall purpose of the demonstration program is to mitigate the technical risk associated with the mixing and sampling systems meeting the feed certification requirements for transferring waste to the WTP.A critical aspect of meeting the feed certification requirements is ensuring that the collected samples will adequately represent the contents of the tank and that all batches of transferred waste are sufficiently uniform so that they all are equivalent to the characterized samples. However, the tank waste contains slurries of solid particles that settle and may become progressively more concentrated towards the bottom of the tank. Obtaining a perfectly uniform distribution of waste in the DSTs with a mixing system may not be possible. To determine how close this ideal can be approached, the expected performance of the DST mixing and sampling systems must be quantified. There have been a number of laboratory studies and full-scale tank farm studies that evaluated mixing behavior; these studies are discussed later in this report. However, these studies do not provide adequate quantitative information to evaluate the performance of the planned sampling and the batch uniformity. Accordingly, WRPS' demonstration program is focusing specifically on quantifying the uniformity of samples and batch transferred material to reduce the technical risk associated with these systems.The first phase of the demonstration program is to conduct scaled tests that appropriately match fullscale behavior and to evaluate sampling methodologies and the uniformity of batch transfers. The initial scaled testing will use non-cohesive particles where the particles do not have cohesive interactions that would cause the particles to stick together. The purpose of this report is to analyze existing data and evaluate whether scaled mixing tests with cohesive simulants are needed to meet the overall objectives of the small-scale mixing demonstration program. This evaluation will focus on estimating the role of cohesive particle interactions on various physical phenomena that occur in parts of the mixing process. A specific focus of the evaluation will be on the uniformity of suspended solids in the mixed region.The evaluation shows that cohesive particle interaction will have multiple effects through a number of different mechanisms. Some of the effects ...

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“…The purpose of the PulseEcho system was to perform non-invasive, real-time ultrasonic detection and measurement of sediment mobility and accumulation in pilot-scale pulse jet mixing vessels and the WTP M1 series initiative test loop (Poloski et al 2009a and2009b;Yokuda et al 2009). The PulseEcho system was successful in detecting solids mobility in both applications.…”

Section: Prior Applications Of Pulseechomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, the data in these tables are classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian slurries. To facilitate data comparison, the data in these tables are presented in a format similar to that used previously (Poloski et al 2009aand 2009b, Bontha et al 2010a) to facilitate easy comparison of the data. Presented below is a description of the methods and approaches used to generate the data in these tables.…”

Section: Simulant Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Tank Farms Waste Certification Flow Loop Phase IV: PulseEcho Sensor Evaluation

Denslow¹,

Jenks²,

Bontha³

et al. 2011

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Executive SummaryPhase III of the Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) certification loop testing indicated that the PulseEcho system is an excellent candidate for detecting settled bed formation in the waste certification test loop during slurry transfer operations between Hanford tank farms and the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). However, the Phase III work also identified some specific areas where further development was necessary. Some of these areas included using full schedule 40 SS pipe wall thickness to mount the transducers, repeatability of the measurements, ability of PulseEcho system to detect small high density particles, lower limit of the detectable solids concentration, and effect of commonly present non-settling components in Hanford tank wastes that can influence the attenuation of the PulseEcho signal. The Phase IV of the testing presented in this report was designed to address these gaps. Testing was conducted in the Multiphase Transport Evaluation Loop (MTEL) available in the Process Development Laboratory East (PDLE) test facility of PNNL. The evaluation included the 5-MHz transducer that was previously used in Phase III and a 10-MHz transducer specifically chosen for detecting critical velocities and settled bed formation with small (>20 µm) particles. Testing was conducted with simulants specifically chosen to enable comparison with the Phase III data and also to test the limits of detection with both the 5-and 10-MHz transducers. The results obtained lead to several conclusions and recommendations:1. For >50µm particles, the performance of the 5-MHz transducer mounted at the half wall thickness was repeatable as compared with Phase III results. In addition, the performance of the 5-MHz transducers mounted at both the full and half wall thickness yielded the same results for critical velocity. Therefore, this transducer can be mounted on a near full Schedule 40 pipe wall thickness.2. The 5-MHz transducer was not capable of detecting critical velocities and settling of particles less than 30 µm. However, the particle concentration threshold for this transducer for 30 µm particles was not evaluated.3. The detection of critical velocity for particles in the WRPS desired range of 20 µm and greater requires a 10-MHz transducer.4. It is recommended that the absolute threshold mode of operation be applied with the PulseEcho system when using the 10-MHz transducer. This will allow for detection of small particle settled beds even in the highly attenuated conditions expected with many small particles distributed in the slurry.5. For highly attenuative carrier fluids, the 10-MHz transducer was capable of detecting settling of 15-30 µm sized stainless steel particles without false indications at a particle concentration of 2 wt% or higher in the detectable size range. NOTE -This minimum concentration is applicable to the small, high density stainless steel particles utilized during Phase IV testing. Additional testing is required to determine the minimum weight p...

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Deposition Velocities of Non-Newtonian Slurries in Pipelines: Complex Simulant Testing

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

The Role of Cohesive Particle Interactions on Solids Uniformity and Mobilization During Jet Mixing: Testing Recommendations

Hanford Tank Farms Waste Certification Flow Loop Phase IV: PulseEcho Sensor Evaluation

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