Deposition of Titanium-Containing Coatings by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying

Volkov, A. É.; Shorinov, Oleksandr; Polyvianyi, Serhii

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94259-5_48

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…During the deposition process, the residual stress is the result of particle/substrate and particle/particle interaction, and finally in the substrate a dense coating is formed on the material; during this process, the interaction between particles continuously compresses the residual stress. This process helps to improve the fatigue resistance and high strength properties of the coating, thereby improving the performance of the part surface [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating multi-particle deposition based on CEL method: studing the effects of particle and substrate temperature on deposition

Tan,

Hu,

Shorinov

et al. 2024

aktt

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The subject matter of this study is to use numerical simulation methods to study the influence of the temperature of particles and substrates on the post-deposition coating during the multi-particle deposition process of cold spray. The goal is to study the temperature of Al6061 particles and the temperature of the substrate, which are factors that have a greater impact on the deposited coating, and to observe the shape of the coating and the temperature distribution of the cross-section of the substrate after deposition. The tasks to be solved are as follows: use Python scripts to model multi-particles, generate and randomly assign positions according to particle size distribution in the Euler domain, and establish a cold spray multi-particle collision model to simulate the process of cold spray deposition. The following methods were used: The influence of temperature and substrate temperature on the deposited coating was studied through a single variable method; the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) method was used to simulate the collision process of cold-sprayed Al6061 multi-particles. The following results were obtained: changing the temperature of Al6061 particles has a more obvious control effect on the porosity of the deposited coating; after particles of different temperatures impact the constant-temperature substrate, the high-temperature area on the surface of the substrate is mainly located at the junction of pits; after the particle temperature reaches 650K, the coating changes after deposition are no longer significant, indicating an optimal temperature range for Al6061 particle deposition; increasing the temperature of the substrate can increase the depth of particle deposition on the substrate; at the same time, it serves as a reference basis for further using the CEL method to predict the porosity of the Al6061 coating. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: 1) powder preheating can effectively reduce the porosity of Al6061 coating; 2) the CEL method has good robustness and is used to simulate cold spray multi-particle deposition to monitor the porosity of the coating, which cannot be achieved by the SPH and ALE methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating multi-particle deposition based on CEL method: studing the effects of particle and substrate temperature on deposition

Tan,

Hu,

Shorinov

et al. 2024

aktt

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show abstract

“…There are different coating deposition methods which can be applied in order to obtain high characteristics of base material to protect it from corrosion, erosion, wear, ensure some specific properties of surfaces [3][4][5][6] or to increase the service life of parts [7]. Among all methods of thermal coating, cold spraying (CS) has a number of advantages [8], namely the absence of high temperatures, oxidation, phase transformations of coating materials and substrates, and it can be successfully used to form protective and restorative coatings on light alloy parts: magnesium [9], aluminum [10] and titanium [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of process temperature and powder composition on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of low-pressure cold spraying aluminum-based coatings

Shorinov

Dolmatov

Polyvianyi

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The effect of operating gas temperature and powder type on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of cold spraying coatings deposited on EZ33A-T5 magnesium alloy was studied. Three aluminum-based cold spraying powder mixtures Al + Zn, Al + Al2O3 and Al + Zn + Al2O3 were used for the investigation. Deposition was performed using D423 low-pressure cold spray system at operating gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and different temperatures – 300 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C. The coatings microstructure was investigated with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized through standard test methods for adhesion and cohesion strength, and standard test methods for Vickers hardness of thermal spray coatings. The results demonstrate that with increasing initial gas temperature at spraying nozzle inlet from 300 °C to 600 °C, an increase in the porosity of the coatings of all investigated powder mixtures can be observed. Microstructure characterization showed an increase in porosity from 2.3 % to 4.1 % for Al + Zn powder mixture, from 2.1 % to 3.5 % for Al + Al Al2O3 powder mixture, and from 2.5 % to 5.6 % for Al + Zn + Al2O3 powder mixture. The minimum porosity was obtained at 450 °C for all investigated powder mixtures. Adhesion and cohesion strength and microhardness of coatings were reach their maximum value at 450 °C. The best performance was obtained for Al + Al2O3 powder mixture: coating adhesion – 31.9 MPa (was limited by the bonding strength of the glue), cohesion – 93.5 MPa, microhardness – 81 HV0.15. The influence of Al2O3 particles in the powder mixture on the above-mentioned parameters was also established. The results show that the presence of ceramic particles in powder mixtures can positively affect porosity level and mechanical characteristics.

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“…For the process of LPCS, the use of metal-matrix composite powder mixtures, in which the basis is metal powder to which oxide particles (e.g., Al 2 O 3 ) are added in a certain proportion, is important in terms of the impact on both the quality of coatings and deposition efficiency [23][24][25]. The latter, when in contact with previously adhered powder particles, additionally deforms them, reduces the number and size of pores in the coating, and increases the adhesion and cohesion strength [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of cold spray process parameters to maximize adhesion and deposition efficiency of Ni+Al₂O₃ coatings

Shorinov,

Dolmatov,

Polyviany

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The paper considers the conducted study of the complex effect of low-pressure cold spraying parameters, namely the nozzle inlet temperature, stand-off distance, and powder feed rate on the adhesion and deposition efficiency of coatings from a Ni+Al2O3 powder on VT3-1 titanium alloy substrate. Based on predetermined information, the main levels and intervals of factor variation were selected. The dependence of the adhesion and deposition efficiency on the selected variables was approximated by a second-order polynomial. In accordance with the developed matrix of the experiment (central compositional design), a coating of the studied powder was deposited. The average value of these parameters was determined using standard methods for studying the adhesion strength (ASTM C603) and the deposition efficiency for thermal spray coatings. Based on the results of experimental data, regression equations were obtained for adhesion and deposition efficiency. For the purpose of checking the adequacy of the model, an analysis of variance was performed. It was confirmed that the obtained empirical dependences can be used to predict the adhesion and deposition efficiency of cold spraying of coatings from a Ni+Al2O3 powder on VT3-1 titanium alloy in the specified ranges of values of spraying parameters. Multi-factor optimization of the spraying parameters in order to obtain maximum values of adhesion strength and deposition efficiency was performed using the response surface methodology in the Stat-Ease 360 software. Three-dimensional and contour graphs of the dependence of the adhesion and deposition efficiency on the studied parameters were developed from the obtained empirical models. The optimal combination of parameters of low-pressure cold spraying, which ensures the maximum adhesion (34.78 MPa) and deposition efficiency (29.46%) of the Ni+Al2O3 coating mixture, is the nozzle inlet temperature—537 °C, stand-off distance—11 mm, and powder feed rate—0.6 g s−1.

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Deposition of Titanium-Containing Coatings by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Simulating multi-particle deposition based on CEL method: studing the effects of particle and substrate temperature on deposition

Simulating multi-particle deposition based on CEL method: studing the effects of particle and substrate temperature on deposition

The effect of process temperature and powder composition on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of low-pressure cold spraying aluminum-based coatings

Optimization of cold spray process parameters to maximize adhesion and deposition efficiency of Ni+Al₂O₃ coatings

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Deposition of Titanium-Containing Coatings by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Simulating multi-particle deposition based on CEL method: studing the effects of particle and substrate temperature on deposition

Simulating multi-particle deposition based on CEL method: studing the effects of particle and substrate temperature on deposition

The effect of process temperature and powder composition on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of low-pressure cold spraying aluminum-based coatings

Optimization of cold spray process parameters to maximize adhesion and deposition efficiency of Ni+Al2O3 coatings

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Optimization of cold spray process parameters to maximize adhesion and deposition efficiency of Ni+Al₂O₃ coatings