Deposition of sand in a trench-slope basin by unconfined turbidity currents

Underwood, Michael B.; Norville, Charles R.

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(86)90080-0

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…multiple and diverse sources (e.g., Underwood and Norville, 1986). The uniform nature of the clay minerals in the Nankai Trough leads us to believe that a single source region has been dominant throughout the accumulation of the turbidite wedge cored at Site 808.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance and Dispersal Patterns of Sediments in the Turbidite Wedge of Nankai Trough

Underwood¹,

Orr²,

Pickering³

et al. 1993

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Drill core recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 808 (Leg 131) proves that the wedge of trench sediment within the central region of the Nankai Trough comprises approximately 600 m of hemipelagic mud, sandy turbidites, and silty turbidites. The stratigraphic succession thickens and coarsens upward, with hemipelagic muds and volcanic-ash layers of the Shikoku Basin overlain by silty and sandy trench-wedge deposits. Past investigations of clay mineralogy and sand petrography within this region have led to the hypothesis that most of the detritus in the Nankai Trough was derived from the Izu-Honshu collision zone and transported southwestward via axial turbidity currents. Shipboard analyses of paleocurrent indicators, on the other hand, show that most of the ripple cross-laminae within silty turbidites of the outer marginal trench-wedge facies are inclined to the north and northwest; thus, many of the turbidity currents reflected off the seaward slope of the trench rather than moving straight down the trench axis. Shore-based analyses of detrital clay minerals demonstrate that the hemipelagic muds and matrix materials within sandy and silty turbidites are all enriched in illite; chlorite is the second-most abundant clay mineral, followed by smectite. In general, the relative mineral percentages change relatively little as a function of depth, and the hemipelagic clay-mineral population is virtually identical to the turbidite-matrix population.Comparisons between different size fractions (<2 µm and 2-6 µm) show modest amounts of mineral partitioning, with chlorite content increasing in the coarser fraction and smectite increasing in the finer fraction. Values of illite crystallinity index are consistent with conditions of advanced anchimetamoΦhism and epimetamoΦhism within the source region. Of the three mica poly types detected, the 2Mj variety dominates over the IM and IMd polytypes; these data are consistent with values of illite crystallinity. Measurements of mica b o lattice spacing show that the detrital illite particles were eroded from a zone of intermediate-pressure metamoΦhism. Collectively, these data provide an excellent match with the lithologic and metamoΦhic character of the Izu-Honshu collision zone. Data from Leg 131, therefore, confirm the earlier inteΦ r etations of detrital provenance. The regional pattern of sediment dispersal is dominated by a combination of southwest-directed axial turbidity currents, radial expansion of the axial flows, oblique movement of suspended clouds onto and beyond the seaward slope of the Nankai Trough, and flow reflection back toward the trench axis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance and Dispersal Patterns of Sediments in the Turbidite Wedge of Nankai Trough

Underwood¹,

Orr²,

Pickering³

et al. 1993

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…In the CQMB, the N–S‐trending arrangement of three sedimentary successions, including the fine‐grained clastic turbidite and hemipelagic limestone, the platform limestone and abyssal radiolarian cherts, verified the previous consensus that the trench‐slope basin is always segmented into small individual basins by the boundary structural highs (Bailleu et al., 2013). Unlike the widespread active ramp‐like thrust faults and hanging wall anticlines in the compressional setting of modern forearc regions (George, 1992; McCrory, 1995; Moore & Karig, 1976; Stevens & Moore, 1985; Underwood et al., 2003; Underwood & Norville, 1986), the CQMB presents well‐preserved ancient analogs that illustrate how the extensional structures could dominate the development of the trench‐slope basins and their sedimentary system (Figure 12c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical studies on modern analogs have shown that active structures, such as folds, thrusts, normal faults and diapirs, can develop across the entire slope and subject coeval basins to appreciable deformation (George, 1992; Stevens & Moore, 1985; Underwood et al., 2003). Moreover, these structures form structural ridges separating subordinate depocentres (Bailleul et al., 2013; Moore & Karig, 1976; Stevens & Moore, 1985; Underwood et al., 2003; Underwood & Norville, 1986). Hence, sedimentation in a trench‐slope basin can exhibit complex spatiotemporal evolution, including a partitioned architecture with several subordinate basins (Bailleul et al., 2013; Fildani et al., 2008; Stevens & Moore, 1985; Underwood et al., 2003) and can involve a series of localized sedimentary facies from terrestrial to abyssal (Bailleul et al., 2013; Fildani et al., 2008; Mccrory, 1995; Moore & Karig, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most trench‐slope basins contain a large suite of terrestrial siliciclastic fill (with a maximum thickness of ca. 3 km) (Underwood et al., 2003), which is principally fed by turbidity currents funnelled from arc sources or forearc basins through a transverse submarine canyon channel system (Burgreen & Graham, 2014; Dickinson & Suczek, 1979; Fildani et al., 2008; Laskowski et al., 2019; Underwood et al., 2003; Underwood & Norville, 1986; Vinnels et al., 2010; Wallin & Trabert, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A late Permian–Triassic trench‐slope basin in the Central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, Northern Tibet: Stratigraphy, sedimentology, syndepositional deformation and tectonic implications

et al. 2021

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Records of sedimentation and deformation in trench-slope basins contain valuable tectonic information about the associated oceanic subduction zone. Here, we present a multidisciplinary study on newly discovered late Permian-Triassic sedimentary successions in the >500-km-long Central Qiangtang metamorphic belt (CQMB) to better understand the type of basin and the concomitant tectonism. The Mayer Kangri succession contains lithofacies associations of submarine fan siliciclastic rocks, slope-environment limestone, deep marine chert and minor olistostromes from the forearc basin. The conodont assemblages and sandstone and andesite interlayers yield continuous stratigraphic ages from the Lopingian to middle Norian. The clastic sediments had two provenances, including the epicontinental arc in the North Qiangtang block (NQB) and synchronous volcanism in the accretionary wedge. Moreover, a large suite of the Anisian-early Carnian radiolarian cherts (>30 m thick) was discovered in the Lanling area. Regionally, the CQMB shows evident spatiotemporal variations in late Permian-Triassic sedimentation, with a general depositional trend of southward deepening and getting younger. The three identified subzones include a bathyal setting, a carbonate platform setting and a deep marine setting from north to south. These observations indicate that the late Permian-Triassic sedimentary successions in the CQMB were deposited in a trench-slope basin environment during the northward subduction of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu Tethys Ocean beneath the NQB. Generally, the CQMB and the concomitant trench-slope basin is among the well-preserved ancient analogs characterized by extensional tectonism.The syndepositional horst-graben-like structure, forearc basin-derived olistostromes, abyssal radiolarian cherts and synchronous volcanism provide new implications for the geological evolution of the trench-slope basin.

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Submarine canyon development in the Izu-Bonin forearc: A SeaMARC II and seismic survey of Aoga Shima Canyon

Klaus

Taylor

1991

Marine Geophysical Researches

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Deposition of sand in a trench-slope basin by unconfined turbidity currents

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Provenance and Dispersal Patterns of Sediments in the Turbidite Wedge of Nankai Trough

Provenance and Dispersal Patterns of Sediments in the Turbidite Wedge of Nankai Trough

A late Permian–Triassic trench‐slope basin in the Central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, Northern Tibet: Stratigraphy, sedimentology, syndepositional deformation and tectonic implications

Submarine canyon development in the Izu-Bonin forearc: A SeaMARC II and seismic survey of Aoga Shima Canyon

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