Deposition of Organic and Black Carbon: Direct Measurements at Three Remote Stations in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau

Yan, Fangping; He, Cenlin; Kang, Shichang; Chen, Pengfei; Hu, Zhanyi; Han, Xiaofei; Gautam, Sangita; Yan, Caiqing; Zheng, Mei; Sillanpää, Mika; Raymond, Peter A.; Li, Chaoliu

doi:10.1029/2019jd031018

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…It is worth noting that deposition fluxes of BC obtained with CHIMERE are in line with or above modeled fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau (Ji, 2016) and comparable to the results of measurement campaigns on specific glaciers in that same region (Wang et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2019). However, this region receives comparatively greater attention from the research community.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of black carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes

Lapere

Huneeus²,

Mailler³

et al. 2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Air pollution in the central zone of Chile is not only a public health concern but also threatens water resources and climate, in connection with the transport and deposition of black carbon (BC) from urban centers onto the glaciers of the Andes. Chemistry-transport simulations reveal a seasonal dichotomy in the flux and latitudinal pattern of BC deposition on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes. The average deposition flux of BC on glaciers between 30 and 37∘ S is 4 times larger in winter, affecting mostly low-elevation glaciers, whereas the smaller summertime flux affects glaciers evenly, irrespective of their elevation. The contribution of emissions from the city of Santiago is dominant in summertime with more than 50 % along the Andes but minor in wintertime with less than 20 % even close to the capital city. Transport at larger scales and more local sources likely account for the remaining flux. The superimposition of synoptic-scale circulation and local mountain-valley circulation along the Andes drives the differences between summertime and wintertime deposition fluxes and generates a greater meteorological export potential during summer months. Future emissions and climate projections suggest that under the RCP8.5 scenario the gap between summertime and wintertime BC export and deposition flux could decrease, thereby pointing to summertime emission control gaining relevance. The chemistry-transport modeling approach for BC deposition on the Andes sheds light on the importance of the often disregarded summertime emissions on the radiative balance of its glaciers, particularly in the vicinity of Santiago.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of black carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes

Lapere

Huneeus²,

Mailler³

et al. 2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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show abstract

“…However, a parallel can be established with modeling studies on other high mountain areas in the world. In particular, it is worth noting that the obtained absolute deposition fluxes are considerably larger than what is modeled regionally for the Tibetan Plateau (maximum deposition rate in the monsoon season around 120 µg m −2 ) (Ji, 2016) and comparable to the results of measurement campaigns on specific glaciers in that same region (between 2.4 and 62.6 µg m −2 day −1 (Wang et al, 2017) and between 2.6 and 34.6 mg m −2 year −1 (Yan et al, 2019) i.e. 72 to 2883 µg m −2 month −1 ).…”

Section: Seasonal Differences In Bc Depositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of Black Carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes

Lapere

Huneeus

Mailler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Air pollution in the central zone of Chile not only is a public health concern, but also threatens water resources and climate, in connection with the transport and deposition of black carbon (BC) from urban centers onto the glaciers of the Andes Cordillera. Chemistry-transport simulations reveal a seasonal dichotomy in the flux and latitudinal pattern of BC deposition on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes. The average deposition flux of BC on glaciers between 30° S and 37° S is 4 times larger in winter, affecting mostly low elevation glaciers, whereas the smaller summertime flux affects glaciers evenly, irrespective of their elevation. The contribution of emissions from Santiago city is dominant in summertime with more than 50 % along the Andes, but minor in wintertime with less than 20 % even close to the capital city. Transport at larger scales and more local sources likely account for the remaining flux. The superimposition of synoptic-scale circulation and local mountain-valley circulation along the Andes cordillera drives the differences between summertime and wintertime deposition fluxes and generates a greater meteorological export potential during summer months. Future emissions and climate projections suggest that under the RCP8.5 scenario the gap between summertime and wintertime BC export and deposition flux could decrease, thereby pointing to summertime emission control gaining relevance. The chemistry-transport modeling approach for BC deposition on the Andes sheds light on the importance of the often disregarded summertime emissions on the radiative balance of its glaciers, particularly in the vicinity of Santiago.

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“…However, measurements of their deposition fluxes in the cryosphere and evolution in snowpack are very scarce. Recently, Yan et al 218 for the first time provided direct in situ measurements of wet and dry deposition rates for BC and waterinsoluble OC (WIOC) at three remote sites in the Tibetan Plateau, with large spatiotemporal variations and annual wet deposition rates of about 3-35 and 50-330 mg m −2 yr −1 for BC and WIOC, respectively. Some studies attempted to indirectly derive BC deposition rates from BC content in snow or ice cores based on certain assumptions, but with large uncertainties 85 .…”

Section: Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere

Liu

Schwarz

et al. 2020

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs), including black carbon and light-absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon, BrC), have an important role in the Earth system via heating the atmosphere, dimming the surface, modifying the dynamics, reducing snow/ice albedo, and exerting positive radiative forcing. The lifecycle of LACs, from emission to atmospheric evolution further to deposition, is key to their overall climate impacts and uncertainties in determining their hygroscopic and optical properties, atmospheric burden, interactions with clouds, and deposition on the snowpack. At present, direct observations constraining some key processes during the lifecycle of LACs (e.g., interactions between LACs and hydrometeors) are rather limited. Large inconsistencies between directly measured LAC properties and those used for model evaluations also exist. Modern models are starting to incorporate detailed aerosol microphysics to evaluate transformation rates of water solubility, chemical composition, optical properties, and phases of LACs, which have shown improved model performance. However, process-level understanding and modeling are still poor particularly for BrC, and yet to be sufficiently assessed due to lack of global-scale direct measurements. Appropriate treatments of size- and composition-resolved processes that influence both LAC microphysics and aerosol–cloud interactions are expected to advance the quantification of aerosol light absorption and climate impacts in the Earth system. This review summarizes recent advances and up-to-date knowledge on key processes during the lifecycle of LACs, highlighting the essential issues where measurements and modeling need improvement.

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Deposition of Organic and Black Carbon: Direct Measurements at Three Remote Stations in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 30 publications

References 96 publications

Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of black carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes

Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of black carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes

Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of Black Carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes

Lifecycle of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere

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