Deposition of nitrogen-containing compounds to an extensively managed grassland in central Switzerland

Hesterberg, Rolf; Blatter, A.; Fahrni, M.; Rosset, Marc; Neftel, A.; Eugster, Werner; Wanner, Heinz

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(95)00036-q

Cited by 65 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…NH $ compensation points between 0n3 and 48 nmol mol −" have been reported (Asman et al, 1998 ;Geßler & Rennenberg, 1998) depending on plant species and cultivar, temperature, N supply and developmental stage (Olsen et al, 1995 ;Sutton et al, 1995 ;. The compensation points determined in this study are comparable to those found for herbaceous plants (Farquhar et al, 1980 ; and for different agroecosystems (Dabney & Bouldin, 1990 ;Hesterberg et al, 1996 ;Yamulki et …”

Section: supporting

confidence: 85%

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dynamic-chamber technique was used to investigate the correlation between NH $ and NO # fluxes and different climatic and physiological parameters : air temperature ; relative air humidity ; photosynthetic photon fluence rate ; NH $ and NO # concentrations ; transpiration rate ; leaf conductance for water vapour ; and photosynthetic activity. The experiments were performed with twigs from the sun crown of mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) at a field site (Ho$ glwald, Germany), and with 12-wk-old beech seedlings under controlled conditions. Both sets of experiments showed that NO # and NH $ fluxes depended linearly on NO # and NH $ concentration, respectively, in the concentration ranges representative for the field site studied, and on watervapour conductance as a measure for stomatal aperture. The NO # compensation point determined in the field studies (the atmospheric NO # concentration with no net NO # flux) was 1n8-1n9 nmol mol −" . The NH $ compensation point varied between 3n3 and 3n5 nmol mol −" in the field experiments, and was 3n0 nmol mol −" in the experiments under controlled conditions. The climatic factors T and PPFR were found to influence both NO # and NH $ fluxes indirectly, by changing stomatal conductance. Whilst NO # flux showed a response to changing relative humidity that could be explained by altered stomatal conductance, increased NH $ flux with increasing relative humidity ( 50 %) depended on other factors. The exchange of NO # between above-ground parts of beech trees and the atmosphere could be explained exclusively by uptake or emission of NO # through the stomata, as indicated by the quotient between measured and predicted NO # conductance of approx. 1 under all environmental conditions examined. Neither internal mesophyll resistances nor additional sinks could be observed for adult trees or for beech seedlings. By contrast, the patterns of NH $ flux could not be explained by an exclusive exchange of NH $ through the stomata. Deposition into additional sinks on the leaf surface, as indicated by an increase in the quotient between measured and predicted NH $ conductance, gained importance in high air humidity, when the stomata were closed or nearly closed and\or when atmospheric NH $ concentrations were high. Although patterns of NH $ gas exchange did not differ between different months or years at high NH $ concentrations (c. 140 nmol mol −" ), it must be assumed that emission or deposition fluxes at low ambient NH $ concentration (0n8 and 4n5 nmol mol −" ) might vary significantly with time because of variation in the NH $ compensation point.

show abstract

Section: supporting

confidence: 85%

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our simulation, the maximum ground surface temperature was fixed at 40 • C to avoid too high values of X cp for the "high scenario" in dry savannas. Although low values of st and g were used to run the model, the estimated X cp (NH 3 ) values are within a reasonable range of values determined for grassland in other studies Hesterberg et al, 1996;Spindler et al, 2001;Loubet et al, 2002;Trebs et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2010). This is due to high surface temperatures mainly at Sahelian sites.…”

Section: Nh 3 Bidirectional Exchange and Canopy Compensation Pointsupporting

confidence: 75%

Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO2, HNO3, NH3), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This work is part of the IDAF program (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) and is based on the long-term monitoring of gas concentrations (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) established at seven remote sites representative of major African ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method using on the one hand surface measurements of gas concentrations (NO 2 , HNO 3 , NH 3 , SO 2 and O 3 ) and on the other hand modeled exchange rates. Dry deposition velocities (V d ) were calculated using the big-leaf model of Zhang et al. (2003b). The bidirectional approach is used for NH 3 surface-atmosphere exchange (Zhang et al., 2010). Surface and meteorological conditions specific to IDAF sites have been used in the models of deposition. The seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry deposition fluxes (NO 2 , HNO 3 , NH 3 , O 3 and SO 2 ) are analyzed.Along the latitudinal transect of ecosystems, the annual mean dry deposition fluxes of nitrogen compounds range from −0.4 to −0.8 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for NO 2 , from −0.7 to −1.0 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for HNO 3 and from −0.7 to −8.3 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for NH 3 over the study period (1998-2007). The total nitrogen dry deposition flux (NO 2 +HNO 3 +NH 3 ) is more important in forests (−10 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) than in wet and dry savannas (−1.6 to −3.9 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ). The annual mean dry deposition fluxes of ozone range between −11 and −19 kg ha −1 yr −1 in dry and wet savannas, and −11 and −13 kg ha −1 yr −1 in forests. Lowest O 3 dry deposition fluxes in forests are correlated to low measured O 3 concentrations, lower by a factor of 2-3, compared to other ecosystems. Along the ecosystem transect, the annual mean of SO 2 dry deposition fluxes presents low values and a small variability (−0.5 to −1 kg S ha −1 yr −1 ). No specific trend in the interannual variability of these gaseous dry deposition fluxes is observed over the study period.

show abstract

“…Hesterberg et al, 1996;Flechard et al, 2011). The conversion of NH 3 , NO 2 and a mixture of both gases was tested by parallel sampling of calibration gases by the TRANC-CLD system and specific NH 3 and NO 2 analysers.…”

Section: Recovery Rates Of Nh 3 and Mixed Sample Gas (No 2 And Nh 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Marx¹,

Brümmer

Ammann

et al. 2012

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The input and loss of plant available nitrogen (reactive nitrogen: N r ) from/to the atmosphere can be an important factor for the productivity of ecosystems and thus for its carbon and greenhouse gas exchange. We present a novel converter for reactive nitrogen (TRANC: Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter), which offers the opportunity to quantify the sum of all airborne reactive nitrogen compounds ( N r ) in high time resolution. The basic concept of the TRANC is the full conversion of all N r to nitrogen monoxide (NO) within two reaction steps. Initially, reduced N r compounds are being oxidised, and oxidised N r compounds are thermally converted to lower oxidation states. Particulate N r is being sublimated and oxidised or reduced afterwards. In a second step, remaining higher nitrogen oxides or those generated in the first step are catalytically converted to NO with carbon monoxide used as reduction gas. The converter is combined with a fast response chemiluminescence detector (CLD) for NO analysis and its performance was tested for the most relevant gaseous and particulate N r species under both laboratory and field conditions. Recovery rates during laboratory tests for NH 3 and NO 2 were found to be 95 and 99 %, respectively, and 97 % when the two gases were combined. In-field longterm stability over an 11-month period was approved by a value of 91 % for NO 2 . Effective conversion was also found for ammonium and nitrate containing particles. The recovery rate of total ambient N r was tested against the sum of individual measurements of NH 3 , HNO 3 , HONO, NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and NO x using a combination of different well-established devices. The results show that the TRANC-CLD system precisely captures fluctuations in N r concentrations and also matches the sum of all individual N r compounds measured by the different single techniques. The TRANC features a specific design with very short distance between the sample air inlet and the place where the thermal and catalytic conversions to NO occur. This assures a short residence time of the sample air inside the instrument, and minimises wall sorption problems of water soluble compounds. The fast response time (e-folding times of 0.30 to 0.35 s were found during concentration step changes) and high accuracy in capturing the dominant N r species enables the converter to be used in an eddy covariance setup. Although a source attribution of specific N r compounds is not possible, the TRANC is a new reliable tool for permanent measurements of the net N r flux between ecosystem and atmosphere at a relatively low maintenance and reasonable cost level allowing for diurnal, seasonal and annual investigations.

show abstract

Deposition of nitrogen-containing compounds to an extensively managed grassland in central Switzerland

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Deposition of nitrogen-containing compounds to an extensively managed grassland in central Switzerland

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

NH3 and NO2 fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

NH3 and NO2 fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method