Deposition of micrometer-sized aerosol particles in infant nasal airway replicas

Storey-Bishoff, John; Noga, Michelle; Finlay, Warren H.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.07.011

Cited by 91 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…33 Moreover, each model in this study was based on images of one subject, which does not account for inter-subject variability which can be substantial. 34,35 Another limitation is the typical supine position of the subjects during data acquisition, which is different from sedentary breathing. Images acquired at the end of the inhalation may not reflect variations in airway geometry during a full breathing cycle.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Nasal and Laryngeal Airways in Children: Implications in Breathing and Inhaled Aerosol Dynamics

Zhou

et al. 2013

Respir Care

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BACKGROUND:The human respiratory airway undergoes dramatic growth during infancy and childhood, which induces substantial variability in air flow pattern and particle deposition. However, deposition studies have typically focused on adult subjects, the results of which cannot be readily extrapolated to children. We developed models to quantify the growth of human nasallaryngeal airways at early ages, and to evaluate the impact of that growth on breathing resistance and aerosol deposition. METHODS: Four image-based nasal-laryngeal models were developed from 4 children, ages 10 days, 7 months, 3 years, and 5 years, and were compared to a nasallaryngeal model of a 53-year-old adult. The airway dimensions were quantified in terms of different parameters (volume, cross-section area, and hydraulic diameter) and of different anatomies (nose, pharynx, and larynx). Breathing resistance and aerosol deposition were computed using a highfidelity fluid-particle transport model, and were validated against the measurements made with the 3-dimensional models fabricated from the same airway computed tomography images. RESULTS: Significant differences in nasal morphology were observed among the 5 subjects, in both morphology and dimension. The turbinate region appeared to experience the most noticeable growth during the first 5 years of life. The nasal airway volume ratios of the 10-day, 7-month, 3-year, and 5-year-old subjects were 6.4%, 18.8%, 24.2%, and 40.3% that of the adult, respectively. Remarkable inter-group variability was observed in air flow, pressure drop, deposition fraction, and particle accumulation. The computational fluid dynamics predicted pressure drops and deposition fractions were in close agreement with in vitro measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Age effects are significant in both breathing resistance and micrometer particle deposition. The image/computational-fluid-dynamics coupled method provides an efficient and effective approach in understanding patient-specific air flows and particle deposition, which have important implications in pediatric inhalation drug delivery and respiratory disorder diagnosis.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Nasal and Laryngeal Airways in Children: Implications in Breathing and Inhaled Aerosol Dynamics

Zhou

et al. 2013

Respir Care

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“…In the present study we characterize ultrafine particles deposition in nasal airways of infants, supplementing a recent communication whose focus was on the deposition of micrometer-sized particles in replicas of nasal airways of infants (Storey-Bishoff et al 2008). …”

Section: Golshahi Et Almentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The replicas included the face, nostrils and nasal airways to the level of the upper trachea. Details of model construction and subject parameters can be found in a recent communication (Storey-Bishoff et al 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present subjects, resting tidal volumes of 30-88 mL and breathing rate of 44-34 bpm, respectively, have been considered physiologically realistic (Storey-Bishoff et al 2008). A mass flow meter (Model 4140, TSI, Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) was used for recording tidal breathing patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous authors provide predictions with much reduced intersubject variability by using dimensionless analysis with subject specific length scales (Storey-Bishoff et al 2008;Garcia et al 2009;Grgic et al 2004). Developed for adults, Equation (9) includes the subject specific dimensionless parameters Sc and Re.…”

Section: Deposition Of Ultrafine Aerosols In Infant Nasal Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of Inhaled Ultrafine Aerosols in Replicas of Nasal Airways of Infants

Golshahi

Finlay

Olfert

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Experimentally measured deposition of ultrafine particles, ranging from 13-100 nm in diameter, in nasal airway replicas of ten infants aged 3-18 months is presented. The replicas included the face, nostrils, and nasal airways including the upper trachea. A differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and a condensation particle counter (CPC) were used to quantify the nasal deposition by comparing the number of polydisperse sodium chloride particles, generated by evaporation from a Collison atomizer, at the inlet and outlet of the replicas. Particles were individually classified in size by DMA and subsequently were counted one size bin at a time by CPC upstream and downstream of each replica. Since in vivo data is not available for infants to compare to, we validated our experimental procedure instead by comparing deposition in nasal airway replicas of six adults with in vivo measurements reported in literature. In the infant replicas, tidal inhalation was simulated at two physiologically compatible flow rates and the effect of flow rate on deposition was found to be small. Deposition obtained at constant flow rates is lower than with tidal breathing, indicating the importance of unsteadiness, in contrast to similar data in adults where unsteadiness is known to be unimportant. An empirical equation, containing geometrical features of the nasal airways in the form of related non-dimensional dynamical parameters (Reynolds, Schmidt, and Womersley numbers), was best fitted to the infant data. This equation may be useful for a priori prediction of nasal deposition and intersubject variability during exposure of infants to ultrafine aerosols.

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Nasal versus oral aerosol delivery to the “lungs” in infants and toddlers

Amirav

Borojeni

Halamish³

et al. 2014

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Deposition of micrometer-sized aerosol particles in infant nasal airway replicas

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Growth of Nasal and Laryngeal Airways in Children: Implications in Breathing and Inhaled Aerosol Dynamics

Growth of Nasal and Laryngeal Airways in Children: Implications in Breathing and Inhaled Aerosol Dynamics

Deposition of Inhaled Ultrafine Aerosols in Replicas of Nasal Airways of Infants

Nasal versus oral aerosol delivery to the “lungs” in infants and toddlers

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