Deposition of manganese

Zapffe, C. A.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.26.8.799

Cited by 33 publications

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“…Direct precipitation by bacteria has also been postulated by Gorham and Swaine (1965), Kindle (1935), and Twenhofel and McKelvey (1941). Krauskopf (1957) and Zapffe (1931) suggested bacterial catalysis of iron and manganese deposition. Diatoms and cyanobacteria have also been suggested as catalysts for iron and manganese oxide deposition, with the precipitation of manganese initiated by microorganisms but continued abiogenically (Kindle 1932;Gorham and Swaine 1965).…”

Section: Downloaded By [University Of California Santa Cruz] At 17:11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Ferromanganese Stromatolites from Lake Vermilion, Minnesota: Microbial Culturing and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations

Sommers¹,

Dollhopf²,

Douglas³

2002

Geomicrobiology Journal

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Lacustrine ferromanganese oxide nodules have been discovered in Lake Vermilion, northern Minnesota, USA. They occur as two morphotypes: laminated discs growing around or on cobbles ("reef-type"), and ovoid nodules on muddy gravel ("oncoidtype"). Nodules have only been found within a depth-range of »1 to 7 m, and no nodules were found on or in ne mud sediments. Oxide coatings on recent litter allowed estimates of growth rates between 2.3 to 3.5 ¹m/yr. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thin section and environmental scanning electron microscopy of the nodules showed microorganisms, chie y bacteria but also including cyanobacteria, diatoms, and other protozoans, mineralized by X-ray amorphous ferromanganese oxyhydroxide compounds and forming porous granular layers. ESEM examination also revealed solid-appearing layers, with no microorganism remains. Bacterial culturing experiments were carried out using lake water, sediment, and nodule swabs and pieces as the inocula. All resulted in the growth of bacteria that reduce and/or oxidize iron and manganese, showing that metal oxidizing and reducing bacteria are ubiquitous within the lake habitats. The culturing experiments also demonstrate that the bacteria can cause the formation of solid metal oxides. The combination of culturing and ESEM

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Section: Downloaded By [University Of California Santa Cruz] At 17:11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Ferromanganese Stromatolites from Lake Vermilion, Minnesota: Microbial Culturing and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations

Sommers¹,

Dollhopf²,

Douglas³

2002

Geomicrobiology Journal

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“…Thus it appears that once the initial conditions for precipitation of manganese have been met, further deposition can occur readily. Even when coarsely crystalline, manganese dioxide (pyrolusite) can continue to act as a catalyst (Zapffe 1931). Thus, while manganese is sorbed most effectively by oxides of low crystallinity and high surface area, there is no theoretical objection to the crystallization of manganite and its oxidation to pyrolusite occurring prior to the further deposition of oxides in an amorphous form.…”

Section: Origin Of Mineralisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline manganese oxides in till, from Bridge of Don, Aberdeen

Chew

1978

SJG

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Synopsis Highly crystalline manganiferous blocks consisting mainly of manganite and pyrolusite occur in a supraglacial flow till. Field evidence indicates that mineralization, which is of high chemical purity and notably free of iron, occurred in situ. The segregation of manganese from iron probably occurred as a result of selective dissolution of manganese in waterlogged organic-rich soil or sediment. Manganese and associated barium may have been transported by groundwater to its present location largely in the form of colloidal hydrous manganese dioxide. Initial deposition appears to have been localized by impersistent clay bands, with further deposition being catalysed by previously deposited manganese oxides. Local topography and depth of the clay bands relative to a fluctuating water table were probably critical in localizing the mineralization.

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“…However, organic interactions could accelerate nodule formation in several direct and indirect ways. Zapffe (1931) and Krauskopf (1957) suggested that bacteria may act as catalysts in initiating the precipitation of iron and manganese. Ehrlich (1963; pointed out that his data and those of his colleagues strongly suggest that microbes, particularly bacteria, definitely play a role in the formation of marine ferromanganese nodules, but he does not view microbes as the only cause of nodule formation.…”

Section: Organic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Journal of Research of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1978, volume 6, issue 2

1978

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Deposition of manganese

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Freshwater Ferromanganese Stromatolites from Lake Vermilion, Minnesota: Microbial Culturing and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations

Freshwater Ferromanganese Stromatolites from Lake Vermilion, Minnesota: Microbial Culturing and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations

Crystalline manganese oxides in till, from Bridge of Don, Aberdeen

Journal of Research of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1978, volume 6, issue 2

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