Deposition of inhaled pollen grains in the lower respiratory tract of the guinea pig

Hobday, John D.; Townley, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(71)90075-3

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, Hobday and Townley [1971] and Michel et al [1977] obtained morphol ogic evidence to suggest that a small frac tion of aerosolized pollen can actually pene trate the respiratory tract. Hobday and Townley [1971] used a system similar to ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Anaphylactic Reactions in Guinea Pigs by Previous Treatment with Ragweed Aerosol

Gc¹,

Pathak²,

Gardner³

et al. 1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Guinea pigs subjected to intranasal dusting with ragweed (RW) pollen or intranasal instillation of RW extract (RWE) showed anaphylactic reactions when subjected to RW extract aerosol (RWEA). These animals, however, did not respond to an aerosol of RW whole pollen. Animals which received the RWEA treatment prior to nasal dusting with RW pollen showed no subsequent anaphylactic reactions when exposed to RWEA. Both the aerosol-sensitive and the aerosol-nonresponsive animals exhibited high titers of homocytotropic antibodies to RWE. In addition, the aerosol-nonresponsive animals also had precipitating antibodies of IgG type. The state of nonresponsiveness did not appear to be due to the precipitating antibodies, since this condition could not be passively transferred by sera and blocking antibody activity was not demonstrable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hobday and Townley [1971] used a system similar to ours. They circulated the air in an aerosol chamber with a fan, while we used com pressed air, and used 300 mg of RW pollen, whereas we used 500.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Anaphylactic Reactions in Guinea Pigs by Previous Treatment with Ragweed Aerosol

Gc¹,

Pathak²,

Gardner³

et al. 1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…However, symptoms of the lower bronchial regions of the respiratory tract, like coughing and wheezing, are also frequently seen in pollen allergic patients. Although it is plausible that a small number of airborne pollen grains might be capable of penetrating into the lower regions of the respiratory organs [6][7], suggestions and evidence for airborne allergenic activity associated with particles smaller than intact pollen grains have been put forward by several authors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of grass‐pollen allergenic activity in the smaller micronic atmospheric aerosol fraction

Spieksma

Kramps

Lindén

et al. 1990

Clin Experimental Allergy

114

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In June 1988, during the grass-pollen season in Leiden, The Netherlands, outdoor airborne particulate matter was collected and separated into fractions according to aerodynamic sizes (greater than or equal to 10 microns, 4.9-10 microns, 2.7-4.9 microns, 1.3-2.7 microns, 0.6-1.3 microns, less than or equal to 0.6 microns), with a cascade impactor mounted on top of a high volume sampler. The different fractions were tested for the presence of grass-pollen allergenic activity using a RAST-inhibition assay: specific IgE-antibody-containing patient serum was applied on the particle-loaded impaction strips, and the serum was recovered by descending elution for further analysis in the RAST. Simultaneously, continuous measurements were made of the airborne grass-pollen concentration using a volumetric pollen trap. Sampling observations lasting 7-9 hr during a period with relatively high airborne grass-pollen concentrations showed reliably detectable amounts of grass-pollen allergen, not only in the first impaction stage where intact pollen were collected, but also in the lower stages collecting the smaller, paucimicronic and submicron atmospheric aerosol fraction. It is evident that this result has serious implications for the understanding of the bronchial symptoms frequently seen in hay fever patients on days with high pollen concentrations in the air.

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“…There is a finite probability that even large pollen grains will occasionally penetrate deeply. Hobday & Townley found by direct observation of guinea pigs exposed to whole ragweed pollen that inhaled pollen grains penetrated as far as intrapulmonary bronchi (86).…”

Section: Deposition Of Inhaled Pollen and Pollen Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense Mechanisms of the Lungs

Cohen¹,

Gold²

1975

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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·:·1133Nonviable particles enter the atmosphere from forest fires, wind action on dessicated soil, entrainment of sea spray, volcanic debris, and gas phase reactions. Man-made sources account for approximately 185-415 X 106 metric tons per year out of an estimated total of 985-26 15 X 106 metric tons per year and are generated from less than 1% of the earth's surface (6 1, 83, 195). The size of the particle is the single most important feature of an aerosol because it determines the stability of the aerosol. The largest size, highest concentration, and greatest diversity in source and composition of particles occurs in the troposphere immediately above the surface of the earth. Although size and concentration of particles tend to decrease with altitude (and distance from urban centers), gas phase reactions activated by sunlight generate large numbers of new particles between 1000-3000 ft in the troposphere and 60,000--65,000 ft in the stratosphere (6 1). These reactions involve hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen from man-made pollution over cities, yielding complex mixtures of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, formaldehyde, ketones, peroxyacyl nitrates, carbon monoxide, etc (4). Although only 35% of the total weight of the particles in this urban aerosol is in the submicronic range, this size range contains the largest number of particles with the largest surface area. Such small size assures deep penetration into the lung, but also favors adsorption of gas by the particle, thus enhancing its capacity to potentiate reactions to irritant gases by causing a high local concentration (44). Although aerosols inside urban buildings are predominantly smaller in size than aerosols outside buildings and so increase the risk for the occupants, most urban aerosols are monitored only outside buildings 'Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1975.37:325-350. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Western Michigan University on 02/03/15. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Deposition of inhaled pollen grains in the lower respiratory tract of the guinea pig

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Suppression of Anaphylactic Reactions in Guinea Pigs by Previous Treatment with Ragweed Aerosol

Suppression of Anaphylactic Reactions in Guinea Pigs by Previous Treatment with Ragweed Aerosol

Evidence of grass‐pollen allergenic activity in the smaller micronic atmospheric aerosol fraction

Defense Mechanisms of the Lungs

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