Deposition of atmospheric ions to pine branches and surrogate surfaces in the vicinity of emerald lake watershed, Sequoia National Park

Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Dawson, P.J.; Morrison, C.L.; Poe, M.P.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(91)90095-o

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…After incubation the amount of synthesized NO 2 − was determined colorimetrically using sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, measured at 540 nm (Keeney and Nelson 1982). After the foliage surface area was measured (oaks with LI-COR leaf area meter model 3000, LI-COR Corp., Lincoln, Nebr., and pine needles according to the procedure described by Bytnerowicz et al 1991), foliage and root samples were oven dried to obtain their dry mass. NR activity was calculated as the amount of NO 2 − produced (nanomoles per square centimetre or gram of dry mass of foliage or root tissue per hour).…”

Section: Measurements Of Nr Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitric acid vapor in California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings

Krywult¹,

Bytnerowicz²

1997

Can. J. For. Res.

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ending up in total obscurity when all genetic information is hidden by a tree-wise smoothing operation. That is, each block must contain several different progenies to assure minimal confounding between the genetic and environmental effects when the fixed effects of the model are accounted for in the BLUP evaluation. Ten blocks seems near optimal when conditions are similar to those presented here. It is recommended that optimal blocking of single-tree plot experiments be at-tempted at the time of analysis, regardless of whether the experiment originally was designed and established with blocks.Abstract: Gaseous nitric acid (HNO 3 ), one of the most abundant nitrogenous air pollutants in photochemical smog, is a major contributor to airborne N deposited in southern California forests. Mechanisms of HNO 3 uptake by plants, including southern California forest trees, are not well established. In a controlled greenhouse study, California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newberry), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) seedlings were exposed to HNO 3 vapor at concentrations ranging between 65 and 80 ppb under light conditions. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was measured in foliage and roots of seedlings after 24 h of exposure. Significant increase in foliar NR activity was observed in all species after exposure to HNO 3 vapor, but no significant differences were observed between the species. NR activities in the exposed foliage of California black oak, canyon live oak, and ponderosa pine were significantly higher than in the control foliage. Activity of the enzyme in plant roots was low, and no evidence of differences between species or between control and fumigated plants was found. This study indicated that during episodes of high HNO 3 concentrations, trees incorporated and metabolized substantial amounts of the pollutant in their foliage. This mechanism, in addition to root uptake of the dry and wet deposited N compounds, may provide plants with an ample supply of N.Résumé : L'apport d'azote d'origine atmosphérique qui est déposé dans les forêts du sud de la Californie est constitué principalement d'acide nitrique sous forme gazeux (HNO 3 ), un des plus abondants polluants atmosphériques azotés présents dans le smog photochimique. Les mécanismes d'absorption de HNO 3 par les plantes, incluant les arbres dans les forêts du sud de la Californie, ne sont pas complètement élucidés. Dans une étude en conditions contrôlées menée en serres, des semis de chêne de Kellogg (Quercus kelloggii Newberry), de chêne des canyons (Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.) et de pin ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) furent exposés durant le jour à des vapeurs de HNO 3 à des concentrations allant de 65 à 80 ppb. L'activité de la nitrate réductase a été mesurée dans le feuillage et les racines des semis après 24 h d'exposition. Une augmentation significative de l'activité de la nitrate réductase a été observée dans les feuilles de toutes les espèces après une expo...

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Section: Measurements Of Nr Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitric acid vapor in California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings

Krywult¹,

Bytnerowicz²

1997

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…Theoretical and practical difficulties have limited the number of direct measurement of atmospheric dry deposition on natural surfaces, and only a few measurements have been carried out on natural surfaces, viz., snow [ Ibrahim et al , 1983; Cadle et al , 1985; Davidson and Wu , 1990; Conklin et al , 1993], surfaces of building materials (stone, metal, glass etc.) [ Lovett and Kinsman , 1990; Cobourn et al , 1993; Saiz‐Jimnez , 1993; Kumar et al , 2001, 2002], grass [ Allen et al , 1991], leaf [ Lindberg et al , 1990; Bytnerowicz et al , 1991; Granat and Richter , 1995], crop [ Pleijel et al , 1994] and coniferous forest [ Johansson , 1987; De Vries , 1988; Peters and Eiden , 1992; Buzorious et al , 1998; Altimir et al , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of atmospheric dry deposition to natural surfaces in a semiarid region of north central India

et al. 2003

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Dry deposition flux of major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, F−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) to natural surfaces e.g., leaf of Ashok (Polyalthia longifolia) and Cassia (Cassia siamea), were determined at Dayalbagh, a suburban site of semiarid region. Dry deposition flux was highest for Ca2+ on both Ashok and Cassia while lowest for Na+ on Ashok leaf and F− on Cassia leaf. Overall average dry deposition fluxes varied from 0.27 mg m−2 d−1 to 3.98 mg m−2 d−1. The deposition was comparatively higher to Cassia leaf than Ashok. The high deposition flux to Cassia leaf may be due to surface roughness as shown by scanning electron micrographs. The sum of major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and NH4+ was higher than sum of major anions (F−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−). It indicates that dry deposition at present site is alkaline in nature and difference in the sum of major cations and major anions might be due to unmeasured carbonate and bicarbonate ions as well as organic anions (formate and acetate). Deposition flux of SO42− and NO3− is relatively lower than Ca2+ and Mg2+. Seasonally dry deposition fluxes were higher in monsoon or summer for cationic species while for anionic species fluxes were higher in winter or monsoon. Average dry deposition velocity of major ions on Ashok and Cassia leaf varied from 0.41 to 2.36 cm s−1, while seasonally values varied from 0.32 to 4.04 cm s−1. The variation in deposition velocity may be due to meteorological conditions and surface characteristics.

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“…A potential solution to the problem of infrequent precipitation is the branch rinsing technique, in which branches are manually washed at selected time intervals (typically 2 weeks) with distilled water using a hand sprayer ( fig. 4.1) (Bytnerowicz et al 1987(Bytnerowicz et al , 1991. The branch rinse is collected and analyzed for ions of interest.…”

Section: 2-throughfall Nitrogen Deposition Branch Rinsing and Usimentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive monitoring techniques for evaluating atmospheric ozone and nitrogen exposure and deposition to California ecosystems

Fenn¹,

Bytnerowicz²,

Schilling³

2018

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Deposition of atmospheric ions to pine branches and surrogate surfaces in the vicinity of emerald lake watershed, Sequoia National Park

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitric acid vapor in California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings

Induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitric acid vapor in California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings

Direct measurement of atmospheric dry deposition to natural surfaces in a semiarid region of north central India

Passive monitoring techniques for evaluating atmospheric ozone and nitrogen exposure and deposition to California ecosystems

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