Deposition conditions of the Jurassic lacustrine source rocks in the East Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China: Evidence from major and trace elements

Abstract

The Fukang Sag hosts prolific Jurassic lacustrine source rocks, which include the Badaowan (J1b), Sangonghe (J1s), and Xishanyao (J2x) formations in the Junggar Basin. Depositional conditions were reconstructed based on various major and trace element proxies for the East Fukang Sag during the Jurassic. The palaeowater depth in the sag was shallow and did not display a great change during the deposition of the J1b, J1s, and J2x formations, as indicated by lithological composition and the widespread ripple cross‐beddings. The oxic to dysoxic and fresh‐water conditions were postulated to prevail in the sag during the deposition of these source rocks, as revealed by concentrations of salinity‐ and redox‐sensitive trace elements [i.e., V/Cr, Ni/Co, (Cu+Mo)/Zn, Sr/Ba ratios, and Sr, Mn, Ga contents] derived from the source rocks. The seasonal salinity stratification superposed on preexisting thermal stratification led to the appearance of the chemocline in the J1b Formation. The palaeoclimate regime was humid and warm during the depositions of the J1b and the upper J1s formations, and warmer and drier during the deposition of the lower J1s Formation, but the palaeoclimate gradually became semi‐arid and semi‐cold during the deposition of the upper J2x Formation, as implied by various proxies (i.e., Sr/Cu ratio, C‐value, and CIA value). Despite the fact that the oxic to dysoxic conditions were not conducive for organic matter (OM) preservation, the significantly moderate‐high palaeoproductivity (suggested by, i.e., Ba content and Ba/Al ratio), which was promoted by a suitable supply of nutrient from terrestrial inputs in the shallow water was the controlling factorfor the OM accumulation on the margin of the sag, but the low OM concentration was controlled by the palaeoredox conditions in the central area, which was far from the OM input source [suggested by the relationship between total organic carbon content and stable carbon isotope composition of OM (δ13Corg)]. The analyses based on Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, maceral composition, C/N ratio of isolated kerogen, and δ13Corg value showing the OM was derived from terrestrial higher plants with C3 plants (type III kerogen) are consistent with the palaeoenvironmental analysis.

Varves in the Yixian Formation, western Liaoning: Constraining the palaeoclimate in the Early Cretaceous

“…Based on the study of marine sediment, some redox‐sensitive elements (such as U, Th, V, Ni, Co and Cr) were used to reconstruct the redox environment (Hatch & Leventhal, 1992; Jones & Manning, 1994; Qiao, Liu, & Shang, 2019; Tan et al, 2019; F. Wang et al, 2017; S.‐C. Xu et al, 2016).…”

Formation conditions and enrichment mechanisms of the Jurassic lacustrine organic-rich shale in the East Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China: A reassessment based on organic geochemistry

“…The studied samples came from the same wells discussed in Qiao et al (2020). 80 samples were used to perform hydrocarbon extraction and fractionation as well as quantification of each compound and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.…”

“…These shales are low-mature and mature with significant hydrocarbon generation potential at present (cf. Qiao et al, 2020). Qiao et al (2020) interpreted the paleoclimate condition, depositional environment condition, palaeoproductivity and OM accumulation mechanism based on major and trace elements.…”

“…Qiao et al, 2020). Qiao et al (2020) interpreted the paleoclimate condition, depositional environment condition, palaeoproductivity and OM accumulation mechanism based on major and trace elements. However, these evaluations lack more direct and valid evidence derived from organic geochemistry.…”

Quantitative Study of the Maceral Groups of Laminae Based on Support Vector Machine

“…The field of petroleum geology involves the identification and quantification of organic matter in laminae [2][3][4], widely adopting the methods used in organic petrology to identify different macerals [5,6]. The characteristics and maturity of insoluble organic matter are utilized in related research on organic matter sources, types, sedimentary environment, and resource evaluation [7][8][9][10]. However, the quantitative analysis of macerals is usually performed manually [11,12], which relies on the standards established by the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology [13] and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D2799-13 (2013) [14].…”