Deposition apparatus to study the effects of polymers and asphaltenes upon wax deposition

Tinsley, Jack; Prud'homme, Robert Krafft

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2010.03.014

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It has been reported that comb‐shaped inhibitors are known to be more effective compared to linear inhibitors . The comb‐shaped inhibitor (oligomer of poly [octadecyl acrylate]) reduces the cohesive energy density (driving force for ordering transformation) three times compared to no inhibitor .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combination of several wax prevention and remediation methods have been commonly used in field, such as cold flow, wax deposition reducing chemicals, thermal management methods, application of different pipe materials and pipe coatings, exothermic chemical reaction, mechanical removal, heat application, wax removing chemicals, and use of microbial products . The high cost, energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by the mechanical and thermal treatment can be reduced by adding a small dosage of paraffin inhibitors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maleic anhydride copolymer (MAC) is a comb‐shaped copolymer. One advantage of the comb‐shaped copolymer is that it has both a nonpolar group (side alkyl chain) and a polar group that includes ethyl vinyl, styrene, esters, carboxylic, etc . The wax inhibitor cannot cope with very long‐chain alkanes unless it has chains of similar length of 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of inhibitors efficacy in wax deposition mitigation using a laboratory scale flow loop

Chi

Sarica

2016

AIChE Journal

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Statistically reliable wax inhibition experimental data was obtained by utilizing the newly built laboratory scale flow loop. The comb-shaped inhibitors are found more effective in decreasing the thickness compared to the linear inhibitor under the same conditions. Moreover, this becomes more predominant as the chain length of inhibitors increases. Interestingly, even though all the inhibitors decreased the deposit thickness, the wax content increased significantly. Besides, the longer chain length (PI-B) of the inhibitor results in a higher wax content. Since the combination of growth and aging influenced by the presence of inhibitor significantly, paraffin inhibition efficiency (PIE) based on the wax mass was proposed to quantitatively assess the inhibitors. Based on the PIE, PI-B, and PI-C have more inhibition efficiency than PI-A. Therefore, when selecting wax inhibitor, one should be aware about the strength of the deposit gel in addition to the reduction of the deposit mass. Fogler HS. The strength of paraffin gels formed under static and flow conditions. Chem Eng Sci. 2005;60(13):3587-3598. 44. Bello OO, Fasesan SO, Teodoriu C, Reinicke KM. An evaluation of the performance of selected wax inhibitors on paraffin deposition of Nigerian crude oils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of inhibitors efficacy in wax deposition mitigation using a laboratory scale flow loop

Chi

Sarica

2016

AIChE Journal

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“…The increase in pressure, which was related to a change in the average channel height, was measured by pressure taps placed over the flow path in and out the cell. An external loop consisted of a section to reheat the model waxy oils to fully dissolve any precipitated wax, a pump, and a heat exchanger to bring the model oils entering the cell to a determined temperature 23, 24…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of oil flowability by assembly of comb‐type copolymers with paraffin and asphaltene

Tinsley

et al. 2011

AIChE Journal

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).Comb-type (maleic acid alkylamides-co--octadecene) copolymers (MACs) assemble with long-chain n-paraffins and asphaltenes by the hydrophobic alkyl branches and polar groups, respectively, and improve flowability of crude oils upon cooling. Their effects on the crystallization of paraffins from model oils were studied by rheology, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Upon cooling, MACs change the size and shape of paraffin crystals and reduce the yield stresses of gels generated by precipitated solids. Deposition of wax was significantly suppressed by MAC as observed using a laboratory-scale deposition apparatus. MACs are more effective than poly(ethylene-butene) copolymers in improving the flowability of crude oils containing asphaltenes. The interactions between the carboxyl and amide groups of MAC with the polar aromatic asphaltenes appear to stabilize crudes through the steric effects of the long alkyl groups of MAC polymers, thereby reducing the strength of paraffin/asphaltene gels formed on cooling.

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“…The light oil components keep the waxes soluble. The high pressure of the reservoirs maintains the light compounds solubilized in the crude oil, which favors the solubili-zation of waxes in the fluid (Tinsley;Prud'Homme, 2010). This condition ensures low viscosity and Newtonian behavior of the crude oil (Azevedo, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Evaluation of Waxy Crude Oil Flow

Vieira

Pinheiro

Mattedi

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Part of the oil found in the Brazilian subsoil has a high wax content, which makes its flow process difficult at low temperatures because of the increase in the viscosity of the fluid. This paper studied the flow behavior of waxy crude oil under variation in the temperature of the external environment of the flow, the volumetric flow rate of the oil and the emulsified water content of the oil. The results were compared with those obtained for a non-waxy crude oil that had similar rheological properties at temperatures above the wax appearance temperature (WAT). The proposed tests were based on the experimental design technique, and the behavior of the fluids was evaluated based on the pressure variation generated by the flow.

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Deposition apparatus to study the effects of polymers and asphaltenes upon wax deposition

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Investigation of inhibitors efficacy in wax deposition mitigation using a laboratory scale flow loop

Investigation of inhibitors efficacy in wax deposition mitigation using a laboratory scale flow loop

Improvement of oil flowability by assembly of comb‐type copolymers with paraffin and asphaltene

Characterization and Evaluation of Waxy Crude Oil Flow

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