Deposition and decomposition of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae:<i><i>Magicicada</i></i>) in woodland aquatic ecosystems

Pray, Corey L.; Nowlin, Weston H.; Vanni, Michael J.

doi:10.1899/08-038.1

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although cicada deposition only occurs in a discrete and relatively rare pulse, wetlands typically receive some level of terrestrial insect deposition throughout the growing season (Pray et al. ). Consequently, insect deposition is likely to provide immediate benefits to wetland food webs, whereas leaf litter persists for a much longer period of time, can serve as a physical substrate for wetland‐dwelling organisms, and is likely to influence long‐term, seasonal, wetland dynamics.…”

Section: Theme 5: Role Of Litter Relative To Other Subsides Biotic Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the role of plant litter inputs to forested wetland ecosystems: leafing through the literature

Stoler

Relyea

2020

Ecological Monographs

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The input of senescent terrestrial leaf litter into soil and aquatic ecosystems is one of the most massive cyclic subsidies on Earth, particularly within forested ecosystems. For freshwater systems embedded within forests, litter inputs provide a vital source of energy and nutrients that allows greater production than in situ resources can provide. In return, freshwater food webs can provide an enormous amount of material to the terrestrial landscape through biotic respiration, photosynthesis, and organism emergence. Most research concerning this important aquatic-terrestrial link has focused on lotic ecosystems (i.e., streams and rivers); far less attention has been given to its role in lentic systems (i.e., wetlands and lakes). A focus on small forested wetlands is particularly important, as these systems account for a disproportionate amount of global carbon flux relative to their spatial coverage, and the decomposition of leaf litter is a major contributor. Here, we review six themes: (1) the evidence for the role of leaf litter inputs as an ecologically important subsidy in forested wetlands; (2) the bottom-up effects of quantitative and qualitative variation in litter inputs; (3) how diversity in litter mixtures can alter ecological functioning; (4) evidence for top-down consequences of litter inputs through toxic effects on predators and parasites, and the alteration of predator-prey interactions; (5) the relevance of our review to other research fields by considering the role of litter inputs relative to other types of subsidies and environmental gradients (e.g., temperature, canopy cover, and hydrology); and (6) the interaction of litter subsidies with anthropogenic disturbances. We conclude by highlighting several high-priority research questions and providing suggestions for future research on the role of litter subsidies in freshwater ecosystems. 3: Effects of leaf litter mixingInsufficient evidence exists to determine the effects of mixing litter species on total litter decay rates.Higher trophic levels exhibit weak responses to increased litter diversity.Forested wetland food webs exhibit a stronger response to changes in average primary and secondary chemical attributes of litter mixtures relative to changes in litter species or chemical diversity.Sterner and Schulz (1998), Cohen et al. (2014), Stoler et al. (2016b) Consumers exhibit nonlinear responses to changes in litter species evenness.

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Section: Theme 5: Role Of Litter Relative To Other Subsides Biotic Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the role of plant litter inputs to forested wetland ecosystems: leafing through the literature

Stoler

Relyea

2020

Ecological Monographs

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“…In aquatic ecosystems, insects falling into freshwater waterbodies influence the nutrient availability, since they add substantial amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to these nutrient-poor ecosystems and affect aquatic community dynamics [93][94][95]. In addition, the different functional groups (scrapers/grazers, shredders, and collector gatherers) living in aquatic systems contribute to the integration of nutrients from terrestrial sources.…”

Section: Mediation Of Waste Toxics and Other Nuisancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Services Provided by the Little Things That Run the World

Ameixa‍¹,

Soares²,

Soares³

et al. 2018

Selected Studies in Biodiversity

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Highest extinction risk and consequently biodiversity loss are predicted to occur in invertebrates, specifically insects, and these declines are expected to cascade onto ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Although this knowledge is intrinsically present in more traditional communities, in more urban environments, mapping ecosystem services can be an important tool to raise people's awareness on the importance of preserving insect diversity. After an extensive revision of the available literature, we used a rule-based approach to assess the provisioning, regulating and maintenance, and cultural services delivered by insects. We followed the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and identified several potential indicators that may help underpin the mapping and valuation of the services delivered by insects. From our search, we extracted a total of 73 indicators, divided as 17 Provisional indicators, 27 Regulation and Maintenance indicators, and 29 Cultural indicators. We concluded that insects are providers of services in the three major 'Sections' of ecosystem services defined by CICES. Despite the lack of recognition of provisioning and cultural services, the indicators provided may help to raise awareness on the importance of the little things the run the world, in order to preserve traditional and technological uses of insects and their services.

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“…, , Pray et al. ), as cicada biomass can represent a significant pool of limiting nutrients including nitrogen (Whiles et al. , Yang ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodical cicadas are relatively large insects, and their massive, synchronized emergences every 13 or 17 yr provide substantial fluxes of biomass and associated energy and nutrients from below-to aboveground habitats (Whiles et al 2001, Nowlin et al 2007). Positive ecological responses to deposited cicada biomass (i.e., carcasses) have been documented in both terrestrial and freshwater systems (Yang 2004, Nowlin et al 2007, 2008, Pray et al 2009), as cicada biomass can represent a significant pool of limiting nutrients including nitrogen (Whiles et al 2001, Yang 2013. Effects of periodical cicada emergences are generally considered confined to the vicinity of the emergence, as adults rarely disperse more than~50 m (Karban 1981), although movements of predators that feed on emerging cicadas could increase the ecological footprints of these events (e.g., Ben-David et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodical cicada emergence resource pulse tracks forest expansion in a tallgrass prairie landscape

et al. 2019

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Understanding factors that influence resource pulses is an important aspect of ecosystem ecology. We quantified below‐ to aboveground energy and nutrient fluxes during the 2015 periodical cicada emergence from forest habitats in a tallgrass prairie matrix and compared results to our prior studies of the 1998 emergence in the same watershed. We estimated 35.2 million cicadas emerged across 159 ha in 2015, almost 2× more than the 19.6 million across 98 ha in 1998. The 2015 emergence resulted in below‐ to aboveground fluxes of 9.4 metric tons of ash‐free dry mass and 1.12 metric tons of N, both ~2× greater than 1998. This corresponds to 59 kg C/ha and 7 kg N/ha in and adjacent to forested areas in 2015. Increased emergence in 2015 was a result of spatial expansion of cicadas, not higher densities. Periodical cicadas are expanding with forest habitats in this region. Cicadas expand into and oviposit in ~40% of available forest habitat during each emergence. Accordingly, we predict the 2032 emergence will span ~245 ha. Our study demonstrates how human alterations to a landscape, in this case forest expansion linked to fire suppression and reduced grazing, can alter the magnitude and extent of a resource pulse.

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Deposition and decomposition of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae:Magicicada) in woodland aquatic ecosystems

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Reviewing the role of plant litter inputs to forested wetland ecosystems: leafing through the literature

Reviewing the role of plant litter inputs to forested wetland ecosystems: leafing through the literature

Ecosystem Services Provided by the Little Things That Run the World

Periodical cicada emergence resource pulse tracks forest expansion in a tallgrass prairie landscape

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