“…In ferromagnetic metal films, nanocrystallization with doping nonmagnetic elements, such as CoM (M = Zr, Hf, TaN), [104][105][106] FeM (M = B, Hf, Zr), [107][108][109][110] FeCoM (M = B, Hf, Zr), [111][112][113] are effective approaches to obtain IPUMA, which utilizes the dipole interaction between two phases with different magnetizations. [114,115] In addition, the magnetic anisotropy of a granular system with doping nonmagnetic oxide materials, such as SiO 2 , [116] TiO 2 , [117] Al 2 O 3 , [118] is controlled by changing the effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the magnetic nanoparticles.…”