Deposit loading and its effect on co-eruptive volcano deformation

Odbert, Henry; Taisne, Benoît; Gottsmann, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.005

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Submarine deposits are not imaged by InSAR; therefore, we are unable to estimate the volume contribution from PDCs that carried material offshore. The volume of these deposits can be measured using repeated bathymetric surveys and accounts for ~60% of the total erupted volume at Soufrière Hills Volcano (e.g., Le Friant et al, 2010;Odbert et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-Phase 5 measurements of topography from a fixed AVTIS installation have been used to image and quantify mass wasting of the lava dome (Wadge et al, 2014b). DEM difference maps have been used to map deposits on Montserrat and to estimate deposit thicknesses between the start of the eruption and February 1999 (Wadge et al, 2002) and between 1995 and 2010 (Odbert et al, 2015). The usefulness of this approach is limited due to sparse sampling of DEMs in time (and sometimes space), predominantly because of the logistics of groundbased methods and the expense of air-based methods.…”

Section: Ground-and Air-based Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness change and therefore volume of these deposits is calculated relative to sea level, rather than the pre-eruptive bathymetry; therefore the submarine component needed to bring these deposits to sea level is not accounted for. Montserrat has a shallow submarine shelf 20-60 m deep (Le Friant et al, 2004); so the thickness of new subaerial deposits is likely to be underestimated by at least 20 m. gave an estimate for the near coast sediment DRE volume of 113M m 3 ; while Odbert et al (2015) estimated the volume of the submarine portion of new land to be 25M m 3 DRE.…”

Section: Pre-eruption To Post-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 1 km 3 of magma was emitted during 1995-2010, dispersed in a variety of deposits (Wadge et al, 2014a;Odbert et al, 2015). Knowledge of the past and present distribution and redistribution of this volume is important at Soufrière Hills Volcano, where the evolution of the topography and modification of drainages during the eruption have had a key impact on the hazard from PDCs and surges, lahars, and dome collapses (e.g., Cole et al, 1998;Ogburn et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the past and present distribution and redistribution of this volume is important at Soufrière Hills Volcano, where the evolution of the topography and modification of drainages during the eruption have had a key impact on the hazard from PDCs and surges, lahars, and dome collapses (e.g., Cole et al, 1998;Ogburn et al, 2014). Loading from volcanic deposits on Montserrat also has an effect on the long-term deformation trend observed by GPS (Odbert et al, 2015). It is important to understand the distribution of these deposits over the course of the eruption so that appropriate corrections can be made to the GPS time series.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dome growth, collapse, and valley fill at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 2013: Contributions from satellite radar measurements of topographic change

et al. 2016

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Frequent high-resolution measurements of topography at active volcanoes can provide important information for assessing the distribution and rate of emplacement of volcanic deposits and their influence on hazard. At dome-building volcanoes, monitoring techniques such as LiDAR and photogrammetry often provide a limited view of the area affected by the eruption.Here, we show the ability of satellite radar observations to image the lava dome and pyroclastic density current deposits that resulted from 15 years of eruptive activity at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 2010. We present the first geodetic measurements of the complete subaerial deposition field on Montserrat, including the lava dome. Synthetic aperture radar observations from the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) and TanDEM-X mission are used to map the distribution and magnitude of elevation changes. We estimate a net dense-rock equivalent volume increase of 108 ± 15M m 3 of the lava dome and 300 ± 220M m 3 of talus and subaerial pyroclastic density current deposits. We also show variations in deposit distribution during different phases of the eruption, with greatest on-land deposition to the south and west, from 1995 to 2005, and the thickest deposits to the west and north after 2005. We conclude by assessing the potential of using radar-derived topographic measurements as a tool for monitoring and hazard assessment during eruptions at dome-building volcanoes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ground-and Air-based Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-eruption To Post-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dome growth, collapse, and valley fill at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 2013: Contributions from satellite radar measurements of topographic change

et al. 2016

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Monitoring volcano slope instability with Synthetic Aperture Radar: A review and new data from Pacaya (Guatemala) and Stromboli (Italy) volcanoes

Schaefer

Traglia

Chaussard

et al. 2019

Earth-Science Reviews

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Ductile flow in sub-volcanic carbonate basement as the main control for edifice stability: New experimental insights

Bakker

Violay

Benson

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Limestone in volcanic basements has been identified as a hazard in terms of edifice stability due to the propensity of calcite to decompose into lime and CO2 at high temperatures (>600 ˚C), causing a decrease in mechanical strength. To date, such hypotheses have been tested by experiments performed at ambient pressure. The present work determines the mechanical strength of limestone under sub-volcanic conditions of pressure and temperature and evaluates the effect of calcite decomposition. To this end, we use Mt. Etna as a case study, deforming sub-Etnean carbonate samples under tri-axial compression using a Paterson deformation apparatus. We evaluate the effect of thermal decomposition of calcite on sample strength by comparing closed and open systems and measuring the permeability evolution under static conditions. Mechanical and micro-structural observations at a constant strain rate of 10 − 5 s − 1 and at a confining pressure of 50 MPa indicate that the rocks are brittle up to and including 300 ˚C. At higher temperatures the deformation becomes macroscopically ductile, i.e., deformation is distributed throughout the sample. The brittle to ductile transition is accompanied by an irreversible permeability decrease from ~10-17 to ~10-19 m 2 between 200 and 600 ˚C. We present new evidence that permanent change in permeability is due to ductile processes closing the initial pore space. Samples deformed at temperatures up to 900 ˚C do not contain any decarbonation products. At these temperatures, permeability is sufficiently low to permit CO2 pore pressures to increase, thereby increasing local CO2 fugacity, which in turn strongly limits the decarbonation reaction. We note that, for non-pure calcite rocks, permeability might be sufficient to allow decarbonation reactions to occur. As such, variability in lithologies may slightly influence the efficiency of decarbonation reactions. We conclude that, in a closed system, the instability of Mt. Etna is related to high temperature induced ductile flow of basement limestone rather than chemical / mineralogical changes. This may have important implication for the stability of volcanoes within carbonate-rich basement, as carbonates become significantly weak at high temperatures, which may increase the risk of sector collapse.

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Deposit loading and its effect on co-eruptive volcano deformation

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Dome growth, collapse, and valley fill at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 2013: Contributions from satellite radar measurements of topographic change

Dome growth, collapse, and valley fill at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 2013: Contributions from satellite radar measurements of topographic change

Monitoring volcano slope instability with Synthetic Aperture Radar: A review and new data from Pacaya (Guatemala) and Stromboli (Italy) volcanoes

Ductile flow in sub-volcanic carbonate basement as the main control for edifice stability: New experimental insights

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