Deployment of DGT units in marine waters to assess the environmental risk from a deep sea tailings outfall

Sherwood, John E.; Barnett, Darlene; Barnett, Neil W.; Dover, Kylie J.; Howitt, Julia; Hiroyuki,; Kew, P.L.; Mondon, Julie

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.009

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[33] This was attributed to the effective surface area (A e ) of the standard DGT holders being 3.80 cm 2 whereas the geometric area was 3.14 cm 2 . Similar experiments also showed that for standard soil devices: A p ¼ 2.54 cm 2 and A e ¼ 3.08 cm 2 . Measurements using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed that the metal accumulates in an area of resin gel greater than A p .…”

Section: Appropriate Area and Thicknesssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is now an established technique that is used in different fields of research, including water quality monitoring, [1,2] chemical speciation in solution, [3,4] sediment geochemistry, [5,6] dynamic processes in waters [7][8][9] and soils [10,11] and bioavailability in waters [12,13] and soils. [14,15] By using different binding agents the range of determinands has been extended from trace metals [16] to include other cations, [17,18] oxyanions [19,20] and targeted species, for example sulfide, [21] uranium, [22] radium [23] and technetium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in understanding the use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) – back to basics

2012

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Environmental context. It is now nearly 20 years since the introduction of the technique of diffusive gradients in thin films, which can provide information on solute concentrations and dynamics in sediments, soils and water. The interpretation of these measurements in terms of concentrations relies on simple equations and associated assumptions. This review examines how well they have stood the test of time.Abstract. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is now widely used to measure a range of determinands in waters, soils and sediments. In most cases the mass accumulated is interpreted in terms of a labile form of the component being measured using a simple equation that applies to steady-state conditions. During the past decade several publications have revealed phenomena that question some of the assumptions necessary for use of the simple equation. This review systematically examines the available evidence relating to appropriate geometry, possible charge effects, binding of solutes and ligands to the diffusive gel and filter, the rate of reaction with the binding layer, the effects of solution complexation and kinetic limitation, necessary time for deployment and the measurement of nanoparticles. DGT emerges as a robust monitoring tool for labile components in solution. Although there is evidence, for some conditions, of binding of metals and, more moderately, humic substances to the diffusive gel and filter membrane, this is unlikely to affect DGT measurement in natural waters for deployment times exceeding a few days. Detailed speciation and kinetic studies require a more thorough interpretation of the mass accumulated by DGT. A coherent theory has emerged for relatively simple solutions, but systems with complex heterogeneous ligands, as is the case for natural waters, are challenging. The size discrimination of DGT is still poorly known. Systematic measurements with well characterised nanoparticles are required to define the distribution of pore sizes in the gels and to establish the contribution of natural colloids to the DGT measurement.

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Section: Appropriate Area and Thicknesssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in understanding the use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) – back to basics

2012

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“…The WFD only establishes environmental quality standards (EQS) of priority substances in the dissolved fraction. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that water quality guidelines should be more appropriately expressed in terms of the bioavailable forms, as better proxy to toxicity, rather than in total or filterable concentrations (Garofalo et al, 2004;Meyer, 2002;Sherwood et al, 2009). In this sense, mussels have been widely used to avoid the limitations of spot sampling, as metals accumulated in their tissues reflects water concentration, being direct indicators of metals bioavailability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrative environmental assessment of the impact of Pasaia harbour activities on the Oiartzun estuary (southeastern Bay of Biscay)

Montero

Belzunce-Segarra

Campo

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…Both in nature [60][61][62] and in the laboratory, the liberation of heavy metals from the sulphides under reducing conditions [63,64] has been observed. It is not clear which are the associated processes and the controlling parameters, or if it is a problem of some pre-oxidation of the used samples suffering reductive dissolution of trace amounts of oxide minerals.…”

Section: Stability Of Sulphides In Reducing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Tailings Disposal (STD)—A Review

Dold¹

2014

Minerals

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Abstract:The mining industry is a fundamental industry involved in the development of modern society, but is also the world's largest waste producer. This role will be enhanced in the future, because ore grades are generally decreasing, thus leading to increases in the waste/metal production ratio. Mine wastes deposited on-land in so-called tailings dams, impoundments or waste-dumps have several associated environmental issues that need to be addressed (e.g., acid mine drainage formation due to sulphide oxidation, geotechnical stability, among others), and social concerns due to land use during mining. The mining industry recognizes these concerns and is searching for waste management alternatives for the future. One option used in the past was the marine shore or shallow submarine deposition of this waste material in some parts of the world. After the occurrence of some severe environmental pollution, today the deposition in the deep sea (under constant reducing conditions) is seen as a new, more secure option, due to the general thought that sulphide minerals are geochemically stable under the reduced conditions prevailing in the deep marine environment. This review highlights the mineralogical and geochemical issues (e.g., solubility of sulphides in seawater; reductive dissolution of oxide minerals under reducing conditions), which have to be considered when evaluating whether submarine tailings disposal is a suitable alternative for mine waste.

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Deployment of DGT units in marine waters to assess the environmental risk from a deep sea tailings outfall

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Progress in understanding the use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) – back to basics

Progress in understanding the use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) – back to basics

Integrative environmental assessment of the impact of Pasaia harbour activities on the Oiartzun estuary (southeastern Bay of Biscay)

Submarine Tailings Disposal (STD)—A Review

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