Deployment of a LoRaWAN network and evaluation of tracking devices in the context of smart cities

Abstract

Recent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR) and the Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two available out of the box and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving at a constant speed through three representative urban areas totaling 10.71 km2. The two most efficient tracking devices are analyzed in a stretch of 3.5 km with speeds ranging from 0 to 30 km/h, 0 to 50 km/h and 0 to 100 km/h. Results include a quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the received geographic coordinates. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, by planning its coverage throughout the city.

Evaluation of low-cost sensors for real-time water quality monitoring

“…This work aims to present an evaluation of the performance of low-cost water quality sensors to build a water quality environmental monitoring network. The data obtained was provided in real-time over the Internet through a long-range, low-power network using LoRaWAN technology [8]. The water quality parameters, monitored by low-cost sensors, were turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the potential of hydrogen.…”

Um Algoritmo de Gerenciamento de Retransmissão em Nível de Aplicação para redes LoRaWAN

“…Ou ainda no controle de sistemas de irrigac ¸ão inteligentes [Fraga-Lamas et al 2020]. Em ambientes urbanos a rede serve de apoio para detecc ¸ão de níveis de material particulado e qualidade do ar [Johnston et al 2019], bem como no rastreamento em tempo real de objetos em movimento [Camargo et al 2021]. Para algumas aplicac ¸ões, como no monitoramento do nível de gases tóxicos em áreas residenciais, torna-se fundamental a garantia de que os dados dos dispositivos finais sejam entregues aos servidores de rede.…”

Avaliação do Impacto da Temperatura e Umidade em Sensores de Baixo Custo de Material Particulado

“…A metodologia empregada servirá de base para futuros estudos de calibração e seleção de sensores MP-BC para integrar uma estação de monitoramento de baixo custo da qualidade do ar no contexto do projeto EnvCity [Martins, 2022], financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), processo nº 2020/05135-5. O projeto visa desenvolver uma rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar e da água utilizando sensores de baixo custo, com transmissão de dados em tempo real através de uma rede de comunicação LoRaWAN [Camargo, Spanhol, & Castro e Souza, 2021], alinhando-se ao conceito de cidades inteligentes.…”