Deploying wireless sensors to achieve both coverage and connectivity

Abstract

It is well-known that placing disks in the triangular lattice pattern is optimal for achieving full coverage on a plane. With the emergence of wireless sensor networks, however, it is now no longer enough to consider coverage alone when deploying a wireless sensor network; connectivity must also be considered. While moderate loss in coverage can be tolerated by applications of wireless sensor networks, loss in connectivity can be fatal. Moreover, since sensors are subject to unanticipated failures after deployment, it is not enough to have a wireless sensor network just connected, it should be k-connected (for k > 1). In this paper, we propose an optimal deployment pattern to achieve both full coverage and 2-connectivity, and prove its optimality for all values of rc/rs, where rc is the communication radius, and rs is the sensing radius. We also prove the optimality of a previously proposed deployment pattern for achieving both full coverage and 1-connectivity, when rc/rs < √ 3. Finally, we compare the efficiency of some popular regular deployment patterns such as the square grid and triangular lattice, in terms of the number of sensors needed to provide coverage and connectivity.

Network Connectivity under Probabilistic Communication Models in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…First, it enables us to use PCMP with the deterministic connectivity model, in addition to the probabilistic model. In this case, activating nodes on the triangular mesh has been shown to be optimal in terms of number nodes activated [3]. Second, our analysis for the triangular mesh in Sec.…”

Focused-coverage by mobile sensor networks

“…The reasons why this TT layout is required are that it maximizes the coverage area of a given number of nodes without coverage gap when nodal separation is equal to √ 3r s [1], [11], [14], and that it automatically maintains network connectivity when r c ≥ √ 3r s . As an additional requirement, the final network should have maximized coverage radius with respect to P.…”

Investigating Coverage and Connectivity Trade-offs in Wireless Sensor Networks: The Benefits of MOEAs

“…Both works use communication models which are limited to a simplistic homogeneous Euclidean distance model. Bai et al (2006) prove the asymptotic optimality of a stripe-based deployment pattern for different ratios of sensing range to communication range. The latter approaches of Wang et al (2003), Jourdan (2006), and Bai et al (2006) are based on simplifying assumptions, as discussed by Kotz et al (2003).…”

“…Bai et al (2006) prove the asymptotic optimality of a stripe-based deployment pattern for different ratios of sensing range to communication range. The latter approaches of Wang et al (2003), Jourdan (2006), and Bai et al (2006) are based on simplifying assumptions, as discussed by Kotz et al (2003). Rajagopalan et al (2005) use a more realistic communication model and, in addition, investigate the trade-offs with respect to energy consumption.…”