Deploying to Protect: The Effect of Military Peacekeeping Deployments on Violence Against Civilians

Phayal, Anup; Prins, Brandon C.

doi:10.1080/13533312.2019.1660166

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Their study focuses on the local variation in eastern DRC with regards to the presence (as well as the number and type) of peacekeepers and the occurrence of political violence in the form of fighting and violence against civilians as coded by the EDACS (Chojnacki et al 2012). Although this finding contradicts the work by Costalli (2014), who concludes that UN troops failed to effectively reduce violence during the Bosnian war, it is largely in line with other recent studies of the local effects of peacekeeping (Cil et al 2019;Di Salvatore 2018;Fjelde et al 2019;Phayal 2019;Phayal and Prins 2019;Ruggeri et al 2017). While these have variying ideas about when and how peacekeeping works at the local level, most recent studies have identified a violence-reducing effect of UN peacekeeping.…”

Section: What Do We Know By Now?mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In the case of Darfur, peacekeepers seem to have effectively reduced one-sided violence perpetrated by both government and rebel actors (Phayal 2019). Interestingly, in studies covering larger sets of cases, there seems to be strong indication that UN peacekeeping is more effective in reducing rebel-perpetrated civilian targeting (Fjelde et al 2019;Phayal and Prins 2019). One potential explanation is that UN missions are dependent on the host government for consent, and thereby direct their attention to violations by non-state actors (Fjelde et al 2019).…”

Section: Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One potential explanation is that UN missions are dependent on the host government for consent, and thereby direct their attention to violations by non-state actors (Fjelde et al 2019). According to Phayal and Prins (2019), the presence of UN peacekeepers can lower the use of one-sided violence by both government and rebel actors in local areas where armed clashes between warring parties are taking place. However, in the absence of armed clashes, UN troops are only effectively reducing rebel-perpetrated one-sided violence.…”

Section: Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

Hultman

Tidblad-Lundholm

2019

Z Friedens und Konflforsch

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The article "Violence reduction or relocation? Effects of United Nations troops presence on local levels of violence" by Laura Peitz and Gregor Reisch is one of several recent articles that explore the local effects of peacekeeping deployments. We provide an overview of accumulated knowledge and conflicting findings, and identify a few remaining gaps in the literature. The finding that more peacekeepers are better at reducing violence has been replicated by several studies, although a few studies have identified conditional effects. Taken together, studies find that peacekeepers can reduce both violence between armed actors and violence against civilians. While Peitz and Reisch do not make a distinction between different perpetrators, previous work suggest that peacekeepers are better at reducing violence against civilians by non-state actors. Peitz and Reisch are thus far one of the few studies that explores the impact of the type of peacekeepers-although the findings are ambiguous. Lastly, there is a tension in the literature between Peitz and Reisch, who claim that peacekeepers diffuse violence to nearby location, and other studies that find no such relocation effect, or even the opposite. Future work should continue to explore the local effects of peacekeeping, directing attention to questions about types of peacekeepers, local conditions as enabling factors, the role of military capabilities (as opposed to capacity), and actions taken on the ground.

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Section: What Do We Know By Now?mentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

Hultman

Tidblad-Lundholm

2019

Z Friedens und Konflforsch

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“…This finding suggests that peacekeeping may constrain the bad behavior of rebels more than that of governmentsa pattern that makes sense given that governments must consent to such missions. Phayal and Prins (2019) ask a similar question, using original geocoded data of UN deployments in four key African conflicts (Sudan/Darfur, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cote d'Ivoire). They find that peacekeepers react quickly to violence against civilians but are slower to act when governments perpetrate such violence.…”

Section: Reducing Civilian and Combatant Killing In Civil Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

Walter

Howard

Fortna

2020

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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Numerous empirical studies have examined the role of third-party peacekeeping in reducing violence around the world. Their results reveal an extraordinary relationship between peacekeepers and peace, notwithstanding a number of well-known problems. This review article has three goals. The first is to summarize the results of past empirical research to move the debate beyond the question of whether peacekeeping works to the more pressing questions of how, when and why it works. The second is to reveal the limitations of the current quantitative research in order to identify areas in which scholars can make big, new contributions to the field. The final goal is to propose a new research agenda that is heavily evaluative – one that informs policy makers about the specific practices, mission compositions, and mandates that work, and identifies the local, regional, and international conditions that amplify or diminish peacekeeping's effectiveness. This type of research could help reduce the costs of peacekeeping operations, eliminate some of the negative consequences of interventions and save even more lives.

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“…Two studies have addressed this question for one form of postwar violence: the intentional targeting of civilians (Kathman and Wood, 2016; Phayal and Prins, 2019), but like most studies of peacekeeping effectiveness during war, their focus is on violence by the former warring parties. In postwar periods the nature of violence, however, often changes (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting targets: the effect of peacekeeping on postwar violence

Bara

2020

European Journal of International Relations

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Existing research shows that peace after civil wars is more stable with peacekeepers present. Yet, violence persists in many postwar contexts, and although postwar violence is often strategic and closely linked to the faultlines of the preceding war, we know little about the impact of peacekeepers on such violence. What we know, moreover, focuses on the former combatants, while this study shows that the majority of deaths in postwar violence are inflicted by other armed actors. This is a challenge for peacekeepers who – for mandate or capacity reasons – usually focus on the warring parties. I argue that the impact of peacekeepers on postwar violence hinges on the extent to which they fill a public security gap after war, since responsibility for violence not covered by a mission’s mandate lies with the often dysfunctional security agencies of the state. To test this I use a novel spatial approach to generate data that captures the manifold manifestations of violence across different postwar contexts. I find that only UN police – with their broader effect on public security – mitigate postwar violence generally. UN troops have some impact on civilian targeting by former combatants but no such effect could be identified for violence by other armed actors. The findings highlight the importance of peacekeeping police at a time when the modus operandi and capacity of UN police have been questioned, but also the importance of accounting for a multitude of violent actors when analysing the impact of international interventions more generally.

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Deploying to Protect: The Effect of Military Peacekeeping Deployments on Violence Against Civilians

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

Shifting targets: the effect of peacekeeping on postwar violence

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