Deployable scintillometer for ocean optical turbulence characterization

Neuner, Burton; Lilledahl, Skylar D.; Coffaro, Joseph; Itschner, Jonathan; Laxton, Ben; Lynn, Brittany

doi:10.1117/12.2588721

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The homodyne-encoded digital AO 17 – 20 (DAO) technique in this paper incorporates many of the features described above, compensating for phase distortions and delivering higher quality data than standard imagery. While future applications may include medical imaging through nonuniform fluids and undersea imaging through clear, turbulent waters, 21 , 22 DAO is particularly suited to correct for atmospheric turbulence, and it does so passively with a single frame of data. The DAO technique in this paper is an opto-computational self-referencing homodyne interferometer approach that does not require a beacon source, deformable mirrors, or multiple images to create a single near diffraction limited image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital adaptive optics with interferometric homodyne encoding for mitigating atmospheric turbulence

et al. 2023

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Digital adaptive optics (DAO) created using homodyne encoding can mitigate atmospheric turbulence in passive imaging systems. This work demonstrates a self-referencing homodyne interferometry technique that combines the passive imaging utility of multiframe algorithmic procedures with the single-frame correction capability of the Shack-Hartmann adaptive optics technique. This paper presents image reconstruction improvements through the addition of (1) phase diversity modulation techniques within the interferometry reconstruction algorithm and (2) temporal image processing techniques applied after the interferometry reconstruction algorithm. By imaging quick response codes through a turbulent air chamber in the laboratory, it was possible to quantify the machine-readable performance gain provided by DAO when compared with a standard imaging camera. Results from this research verify that DAO from homodyne encoding provides turbulence mitigation for single frames of data, paving the way for environmentally robust, high-speed, self-contained imaging systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital adaptive optics with interferometric homodyne encoding for mitigating atmospheric turbulence

et al. 2023

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Digital Adaptive Optical Imaging for Oceanic Turbulence Mitigation

Neuner

Lilledahl

Laxton

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)

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Randomness of optical turbulence generated by Rayleigh–Bénard convection using intensity statistics

Ferlic,

Avramov-Zamurovic,

O’Malley

et al. 2024

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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The experimental study of optical turbulence proves difficult due to challenges in generating controllable conditions in a laboratory environment. Confined water tanks that produce Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection are one method to generate optical turbulence using a controllable temperature gradient. It is of utmost concern to quantify the properties of the optical turbulence generated for characterization of other optical applications such as imaging, sensing, or communications. In this experimental study a Gaussian beam is propagated through a RB water tank where two intensity measurements are made at the receiver’s pupil and focal plane. The pupil and focal plane results include quantification of the intensity fluctuation distribution, scintillation distribution, and refractive index structure constant at various values of the temperature gradient. The angle of arrival fluctuations is also calculated at the focal plane to obtain a second estimate of C n 2. The pupil plane estimate for C n 2 using scintillation index and focal plane angle of arrival fluctuations is compared to preliminary predictions of C n 2 as a function of RB temperature gradient showing C n 2∼ΔT4/3. The outcomes of the study confirm that the RB process produces intensity fluctuations that follow gamma–gamma and log-normal probability density functions. Estimates of the refractive index structure constant C n 2 produce the same trends with different magnitudes when measured from the pupil and focal plane.

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Deployable scintillometer for ocean optical turbulence characterization

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Digital adaptive optics with interferometric homodyne encoding for mitigating atmospheric turbulence

Digital adaptive optics with interferometric homodyne encoding for mitigating atmospheric turbulence

Digital Adaptive Optical Imaging for Oceanic Turbulence Mitigation

Randomness of optical turbulence generated by Rayleigh–Bénard convection using intensity statistics

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