Depletion risks of essential trace metals in a transboundary drain and its surrounding soil using GIS techniques

Abstract

Hudiara drain, a big sewage water body originating from India, is an important tributary of river Ravi in Pakistan. In present study, role of the drain in build-up/depletion of metal micronutrients Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in surrounding agricultural lands has been investigated. Soil samples, up to a vertical distance of 1200 m on both sides of the drain and drain water samples were collected and analysed for metal micronutrients. Soil analysis results were interpolated by using the best optimized interpolator to generate continuous variation of the selected metals. Further patterns have been identified using proximity stat with consecutive neighbouring zones of 100 m extent. Cu and Mn concentrations were higher in some drain water samples, whereas Fe and Zn were found below guidelines in all collected water samples. In adjacent agricultural land the metals did not show uniform dispersal pattern along the drain length. However, vertical pattern of distribution indicated that drain water was controlling Cu and Zn concentrations, positively, whereas it was causing a dilution effect on Fe and Mn build-up in the surrounding agricultural lands.

Transboundary River Water Availability to Ravi Riverfront under Changing Climate: A Step towards Sustainable Development

“…Ravi River, Pakistan Microplastic pollution and its impacts on fish species [4] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan Arsenic contamination in shallow aquifers [5] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan The implication of microplastics on the riverine population [6] Ravi River, Pakistan Chromium and Lead Bioaccumulation in Cirrhina mrigala in the Water and Sediments [7] Ravi River Valley, India Climate tectonic landform evolution in NW Himalaya [8] Near Lahore, Pakistan Health risk assessment associated with irrigation water of heavy metal contamination [9] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan Microplastic burden [10] Jammu Kashmir, India Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of the Himalayas [11] Chenab and Ravi River, India Variability in freshwater prawn populations of Macrobrachium dayanum [12] Himachal Pradesh, India Landslide slope stability [13] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan Assessment of community vulnerability to floods [14] Ravi and Sutlej River, Pakistan Terrestrial Determinants impact river water quality [15] Hudiara Drain, Ravi River, Pakistan Metal micronutrients and their depletion in Transboundary Drain [16] Lahore City, Pakistan Anthropogenic Activities in Lahore City aquifer. [17] Ravi River, Pakistan Quality and economic evaluation of groundwater [18] Himachal Pradesh Ravi River, India Heavy metal contamination and its adverse impacts on river fish [19] Beas and Ravi River, India Climate-induced erosions and tectonics in NW Himalaya [20] Glacierized area of Ravi Basin, India Glacial meltwater hydrogeochemical study [21] Jhok Forest, along the Ravi River, Pakistan Ecological status of a reserve forest in low flooded riparian [22] Ravi River, Lahore Pakistan Movement of arsenic in groundwater [23] Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej Rivers, India Arsenic contamination in the flood plains of India [24] Table 1.…”