Depicting the smarter cities of the future: A systematic literature review & field study

Abstract

Smart Cities have become one of the most interesting research topics for governments, businesses and researchers in the last few years. Being a Smart City implies a competitive edge compared to other cities in terms of economic growth, sustainability, human resources and governance. Therefore, more and more governments pursue this future vision and hop onto the Smart City `Bandwagon'. However, the development of Smart City solutions is faced with challenges since there is no clear definition for Smart Cities yet. This paper provides a review on what challenges arise when designing Smart City solutions to provide a complete overview of identified challenges. This paper carries out a systematic literature review of publications between 2008 and 2016 which will be compared with a field study on Smart City initiatives conducted by the municipality of Enschede to develop a requirements framework for these projects. This research is relevant to governments and businesses aiming to create Smart Cities and for researchers, who aim to enhance the concept of Smart Cities. This paper found eight sub-domains within the topic of Smart Cities and these are: Technical Infrastructure, Application Domains, System Integration, Data Processing, Governance & Management, Society & Citizens, Business Domain and Environmental Sustainability. The eight sub-domains are respectively divided in two types: technological and non-technological domains. By firstly identifying the challenges and their solutions within these sub-domains, this paper proposes a requirements framework in combination with a checklist of questions to provide guidance for promoters to conduct future initiatives.

Methodological Proposals for the Development of Services in a Smart City: A Literature Review

“…Authors such as [26][27][28][29] established numerous domains, city services, definitions, dimensions, models, and smart city paradigms. Alamsyah et al [26] classified domains into four groups (government, citizens, businesses, and environment).…”

“…Authors such as Raaijen and Daneva [29] classify smart city challenges into eight domains (technical infrastructure, application domains, system integration, data processing, governance and management, society and citizens, business domain, and environmental sustainability). The authors group the first four domains as technical challenges that require the capacity for innovation in the city's infrastructure.…”

“…The second group is characterized by qualitative aspects such as culture, environmental protection, and government strategies capable of establishing relationships with all stakeholders. Table 1 describes the classification structure of AI application areas in the investigations of [26][27][28][29]. Based on these investigations, we identified 66 areas where AI needs to be used and classified into five domains.…”

“…Based on these investigations, we identified 66 areas where AI needs to be used and classified into five domains. Table 1 also presents 11 areas that were not studied by [26][27][28][29], which are proposed from our literature review and service needs of the residents of a smart city. Finally, the proposed classification structure in Table 1, together with the level of implementation of AI technology, allowed us to define how smart a city can be.…”

IoT-Based Solid Waste Management Solutions: A Survey

“…IBSG predicts that by 2020, about 50 billion devices will be connected to the Internet [8][9][10][11]. IoT can include a large number of applications designed to assist in many sectors, such as industry, transportation, markets, education, agriculture, healthcare, environment, and smart cities ( Figure 1) [12][13][14][15].…”