Dependence to morphine in differentially housed rats

Adler, Martin W.; Bendotti, Caterina; Ghezzi, D.; Samanin, R.; Valzelli, L.

doi:10.1007/bf00421299

Cited by 43 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Regarding the age, previous studies primarily focusing on morphine and heroin suggest that exposure to opioid during adolescent leads to decreased opioid withdrawal severity, which could be reversed by re-exposure during adulthood ( Windisch and Kreek, 2020 ). In contrast, the social influence on opioid withdrawal severity is more complex and may depend on behavioral procedure ( Adler et al, 1975 ; Coudereau et al, 1997 ; Broseta et al, 2005 ; Balter and Dykstra, 2012 ) or the drug history of the social peers ( Windisch and Kreek, 2020 ). Another question for future studies is that whether the effect observed in our study also generalize to female rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats

Altshuler

Garcia

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Relapse is a major obstacle to curb the ongoing epidemic of prescription opioid abuse. We and others previously demonstrated that oxycodone seeking in adult rats progressively increases after abstinence from oxycodone self-administration (incubation of oxycodone craving). In humans, the onset of oxycodone use in adolescents may increase individuals’ vulnerability to later opioid addiction. However, little is known about incubation of oxycodone craving after adolescent-onset oxycodone self-administration in rats. In the first study, we trained single-housed adolescent (postnatal day 35 at start) and adult (postnatal day 77 at start) male Sprague–Dawley rats to self-administer oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion, 6 h/day for 10 days) and then tested oxycodone relapse on both abstinence day 1 and day 15. Given that social experience is critical for neurobehavioral development in adolescents, we performed the second study using group-housed adolescent and adult rats. In both studies, we observed no age differences in oxycodone self-administration and incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. However, on abstinence day 1, we observed decreased oxycodone seeking in adolescents compared with adults. This pattern of data led to elevated incubation slopes in adolescent rats compared with adult rats. Finally, group-housed rats exhibited attenuated oxycodone seeking compared with single-housed rats on abstinence day 15, but not on day 1. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescents may be resistant to oxycodone relapse during early abstinence, but this resistance dissipates quickly during the transition between adolescent and young adulthood. In addition, group-housing plays a protective role against incubated oxycodone craving.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats

Altshuler

Garcia

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…In the present experiments, isolated animals exhibit a decrease in fighting after naloxone compared with baseline levels, similar to the decrease observed with group-housed animals. Although it is known that isolated animals exhibit altered responsivity to morphine (Adler et al, 1975;Kostowski et al, 1977), it remains to be demonstrated that isolation of the adult rat produces chronic changes in an endogenous opioid system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of naloxone and housing conditions on shock-elicited reflexive fighting: Influence of immediate prior stress

1981

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The effect of naloxone (4 mg!kg) on the defensive reaction of shock-elicited fighting was studied in male albino rats that were housed individually or in groups for 5 weeks. Naloxone consistently reduced the fighting reflex in both groups, but only when animals were exposed to the reflexive paradigm just prior to the naloxone injection and subsequently retested. Housing conditions also produced an effect on fighting independent of drug manipulation, in that individually housed animals exhibited decreased fighting compared with group-housed animals. Studies of pain sensitivity to shock in group-housed animals injected with naloxone exhibited a pattern similar to that of the fighting response. Naloxone increased pain sensitivity only when the animals were exposed to the shock just prior to drug administration and subsequently retested. Additional group-housed animals were tested with naloxone at lower shock intensities to examine the possibility of a positive linear relationship between pain sensitivity and shock-elicited reflexive fighting. Results did not support a positive relationship between pain sensitivity and fighting, but rather suggested that stress-related endorphin release will facilitate the fighting response. Data are discussed with respect to naloxone's effect on locomotor activity and the association of that activity with adaptive behavior. Recently it has been proposed that endogenous opioids, released under stress, should facilitate speciesspecific defense reactions (SSDRs). This facilitation is proposed to be mediated through the analgesic suppression of protective reflexes (Bolles & Fanselow, 1980). For the rat, these defense reactions would include freezing, fighting, or fleeing, the elicitation of which would be situation dependent (Bolles, 1970; Bolles & Collier, 1976). Support for this proposal can be generated from several areas. First, lesion studies have demonstrated the necessity of an intact midbrain central gray for the expression of SSDRs (Edwards & Adams, 1974; Hunsperger & Fernandez de Molina, 1%2), an area in which the localization and distribution studies of opioid peptides have consistently demonstrated significant quantities of opioids

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“…1999) social behaviour in rats depending on the time of isolation and testing. Isolation early in life can alter the mature animal's response to the analgesic properties of opioids (Adler et al . 1975; Kostowski et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of juvenile isolation and morphine treatment on social interactions and opioid receptors in adult rats: behavioural and autoradiographic studies

Berg

Ree

Spruijt

et al. 1999

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The consequences of juvenile isolation and morphine treatment during the isolation period on (social) behaviour and mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors in adulthood were investigated by using a social interaction test and in vitro autoradiography in rats. Juvenile isolation reduced social exploration in adults. Morphine treatment counteracted this reduction in isolated rats, but decreased social exploration in nonisolated rats. Self-grooming and nonsocial exploration were enhanced after juvenile isolation. Morphine treatment had no effect on self-grooming, but suppressed nonsocial exploration in isolated rats. With respect to the opioid receptors, juvenile isolation resulted in regiospecific increases in mu-binding sites with a 58% increase in the basolateral amygdala and a 33% increase in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Morphine treatment in isolated rats reversed this upregulation in both areas. The number of delta-binding sites did not differ between the experimental groups. A general upregulation of kappa-binding sites was observed after juvenile isolation, predominantly in the cortical regions, the hippocampus and the substantia nigra. Morphine treatment did not affect the upregulation of kappa-receptors. The results show that juvenile isolation during the play period causes long-term effects on social and nonsocial behaviours and on the number of mu- and kappa- but not delta-opioid receptors in distinct brain areas. The number of mu-receptors in the basolateral amygdala appears to be negatively correlated with the amount of social exploration in adult rats.

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Dependence to morphine in differentially housed rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats

Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats

Effect of naloxone and housing conditions on shock-elicited reflexive fighting: Influence of immediate prior stress

Effects of juvenile isolation and morphine treatment on social interactions and opioid receptors in adult rats: behavioural and autoradiographic studies

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