Dependence of the rate of release of phosphorus by zooplankton on the P: C ratio in the food supply, as calculated by a recycling model1

Ôlsen, Yngvar; Jensen, Arne; Reinertsen, Helge; Børsheim, Knut Yngve; Heldal, Mikal; Langeland, Arnfinn

doi:10.4319/lo.1986.31.1.0034

Cited by 152 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Contribution of metazoan plankton to nutrient supply for phytoplankton. Olsen et al 1986; den Oude and Gulati 1988; Urabe 1993a), although the P release rate is at the lower end of the range due to food conditions with a low P content relative to C and N. During our study, the ratio of N to P released by the zooplankton was usually far higher than the scstonic N:P ratio and ranged from 19 to 123. Urabe (1993a) found that in a small pond where large daphnids dominated, the N:P ratio of food was the most important factor affecting the N:P release ratio of zooplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, the accumulation efficiency was higher for P than for N in the months when the N:P ratio of seston was higher than that of the zooplankton. Olsen et al (1986) also showed that more assimilated P was accumulated into body tissue when food with a higher P:C ratio was supplied. Similarly, Urabe (1993a) indicated that the fraction of the eliminated N used for net production was higher than that of P when zooplankton were given food with a low N:P ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of metazoan plankton to the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Biwa

Urabe

Nakanishi

Kawabata

1995

Limnology & Oceanography

117

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To clarify the contribution of metazoan plankton to N and P fluxes in Lake Biwa, we examined particle elimination, net production, and nutrient release rates simultaneously with primary production from June to November 1992. Throughout the study period, the zooplankton eliminated 70% of the elements fixed as particulate forms by primary producers. However, because the N : P ratio of the seston was higher than that of the zooplankton on most dates, the zooplankton selectively accumulated P from seston with higher efficiency, while a larger fraction of N was released to maintain elemental balance. As a result, the mass ratio of N to P released by the zooplankton changed markedly from 19 to 123 according to the magnitude of deviation in the N:P ratio of seston from that of the zooplankton. On average, the zooplankton released 50% of N but only 15% of P fixed by primary production during the study period. The results demonstrate that whether zooplankton act as source or sink for a bioelement depends on the relative abundance of that element in both the food and the zooplankton. In Lake Biwa, the zooplankton can promote P limitation for phytoplankton by fixing a large fraction of the P in the system into their own mass and recycling a substantial amount of the N to a dissolved form.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of metazoan plankton to the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Biwa

Urabe

Nakanishi

Kawabata

1995

Limnology & Oceanography

117

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“…The growth can be calculated as the ingestion -release (Olsen et al 1986;DeMott et al 1998), where the release includes defecation, excretion (C and P), and respiration (for C). The gross growth efficiency (GGE) was calculated as growth divided by the ingestion, and the net growth efficiency (NGE) was calculated as growth divided by absorption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stoichiometric regulation of carbon and phosphorus in P‐deficient Daphnia magna

Wang

2008

Limnology & Oceanography

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Daphnia magna were fed phosphorus-sufficient (+P) and P-deficient (2P) green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (carbon : phosphorus ratio of C : P 5 90 and 930 in molar, respectively) for 5 d to produce different body C : P ratios. The dietary absorption as well as the elimination of body C and P were then quantified under contrasting dietary qualities (+P and 2P). The 2P animals fed with 2P algae had a higher absorption efficiency (AE) of both C (46%) and P (52%) than the control (+P animals fed +P algae) and the recovery group (2P animals fed +P food). During the physiological efflux, the 2P animals fed with 2P diet eliminated their body C at the highest rate (0.41 d 21 ) and their body P at the lowest rate (0.10 d 21 ) among the three groups of animals. Mass-specific C loss rates through dissolved release, respiration, and molting increased significantly, and the mass-specific P loss through dissolved release, molting, and reproduction decreased in the 2P animals compared with the +P animals, in agreement with the stoichiometric models. Consequently, the C : P ratio of dissolved release, molting, and reproduction all increased with the increase in P deficiency. The recovered Daphnia had medium values of AE, efflux rate constant, and mass-specific loss rates, indicating the reversibility of P limitation. Our study demonstrated that all the pathways (excretion, reproduction, molting, and respiration) may be involved in the stoichiometric regulation in Daphnia.

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“…More recently, some studies have found that certain zooplankton species exhibit a relevant temporal elemental variation (Main et al 1997;DeMott et al 1998;Villar-Argaiz et al 2002;Boersma and Kreutzer 2002;DeMott et al 2004). For these species, the direct application of nutrient recycling models (Olsen et al 1986) based on the assumption of strict elemental composition is inaccurate. Therefore, there is a need for elucidating why the stoichiometric composition is more (or less) strict for distinct species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproduction as one of the main causes of temporal variability in the elemental composition of zooplankton

Ventura

Catalan

2005

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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With the aim to determine the contribution of development and reproduction to the variability in the elemental composition of zooplankton, we measured the carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) elemental composition of the planktonic crustacean assemblage in an alpine lake for a whole seasonal cycle. The species included three distinct living modes: a cladoceran, Daphnia pulicaria; a cyclopoid copepod, Cyclops abyssorum; and a calanoid copepod, Diaptomus cyaneus. For the three species, reproduction was the main cause of elemental variability. Adult females of the three species lost from 32% to 48% of their initial absolute C and H content during reproduction, which corresponded to a similar decrease in their lipid and carbohydrate content. The N content did not change in any of the three species, nor did the protein and chitin content. Daphnia and Diaptomus lost 35% and 56%, respectively, of their initial absolute P content during reproduction, whereas the P content of Cyclops did not change. The three species stored energy compounds under unfavorable conditions for later use in offspring production, but only Diaptomus and Daphnia mobilized stored P. Corresponding stoichiometric changes with reproduction included a decrease in C : N ratio for the three species; an increase in N : P ratio for Daphnia adult females and adults of Diaptomus; and a C : P ratio increase in Diaptomus females and decline in Cyclops females. Differences in C : P ratio changes corresponded with differences in allocation to their respective reproductive tissues. Diaptomus males and Daphnia females did not change their C : P ratio with reproduction.

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Dependence of the rate of release of phosphorus by zooplankton on the P: C ratio in the food supply, as calculated by a recycling model1

Cited by 152 publications

References 14 publications

Contribution of metazoan plankton to the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Biwa

Contribution of metazoan plankton to the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Biwa

Stoichiometric regulation of carbon and phosphorus in P‐deficient Daphnia magna

Reproduction as one of the main causes of temporal variability in the elemental composition of zooplankton

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