Dependence of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Stability of Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine

Song, Xiaolan

doi:10.14429/dsj.59.1482

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The case for A HS ¼ 2x10 17 corresponds to the baseline case previously shown in Figure 17b. As expected, increasing the amplitude above the baseline case of A HS ¼ 2x10 17 W/m 3 to A HS ¼ 2x10 18 W/m 3 shortens the run time, while decreasing the amplitude below the baseline case lengthens the run time (for the lower amplitude of A HS ¼ 2x10 16 the detonation wave failed to develop within the computational domain).…”

Section: Figure 14supporting

confidence: 64%

“…Our approach has been to develop a multiscale approach where the details at the microscale are connected to the mesoscale, since the microstructure can play an important role in detonation initiation [1][2][3][4][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. As a first step, we run simulations of void collapse and collect ignition times and total power output as a function of shock pressure and void diameter [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale Approach to Shock to Detonation Transition in Energetic Materials

Jackson

Short

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In this work we present a multiscale approach for coupling the dynamics of void collapse at the microscale to simulations at the mesoscale. We solve the reactive Euler equations, with the energy equation augmented by a power deposition term. The reaction rate at the mesoscale is modelled using a pressure‐dependent power law. The deposition term is based on previous simulations of void collapse, modelled at the mesoscale as hot‐spots. The equation of state was previously calibrated for PBX 9501. The run‐to‐detonation distance is calculated as part of the numerical solution procedure. Results for 1‐D, 2‐D homogeneous, and 2‐D heterogeneous medium are presented, and show good agreement to experimental data.

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Section: Figure 14supporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Approach to Shock to Detonation Transition in Energetic Materials

Jackson

Short

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Then the reduction in sensitivity of high-energy explosives has become a research focus. The studies have shown that the sensitivities of nitramine explosives were affected obviously by the sizes and size distributions of the explosive particles [17][18][19]. The sensitivities of explosives can be cut down effectively by reducing the particle sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and Properties of Nano‐sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with Low Solid Content

Liu

Xiao

et al. 2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Composite modified double‐base (CMDB) propellant, benefitting from the outstanding performances of high energy and low signature, has attracted increasing focus in the past decade. To improve the integrative performance, such as enhancing the mechanical property and decreasing the sensitivity, CMDB propellant with low solid content containing nano‐sized RDX has been prepared. The microstructure, mechanical properties, sensitivity and combustion performance of the prepared propellant are studied. Results have shown that the interface of the CMDB propellant contained nano‐sized RDX (N‐CMDB) is more compact and the internal defects are less than those of the CMDB propellant with micro‐sized RDX (M‐CMDB). Compared with the maximum tensile strength (σm) and the corresponding elongation at maximum tensile strength (ϵm) of M‐CMDB, the σm values of N‐CMDB are improved by 37.4 % at +50 °C, 27.5 % at +20 °C and 26.7 % at −40 °C, and the ϵm values are increased by 16.1 %, 19.4 % and 39.6 %, separately. Moreover, the friction and impact sensitivities of N‐CMDB propellant are decreased by 51.3 % and 50.4 %, respectively. In the range of 8–18 MPa, the combustion performance of N‐MCDB propellant has been demonstrated more attractive with higher burning rate coefficient (8.692→10.950) and lower pressure exponent (0.384→0.299). All these results lead us to believe that the usage of nano‐sized explosives will contribute to improve the comprehensive performance of CMDB propellants and promote their application in weapon system.

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“…CL-20 is currently the most powerful high-energy elemental explosives used in national defense industries [12][13][14][15][16][17] , but high mechanical sensitivity (impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and shock sensitivity, etc.) limits its application range [18][19][20] . Study show that forming cocrystal can effectively improve the solubility, dispersion and hygroscopicity of the component [21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of an Energetic-oxidant Co-crystal: Preparation, Characterisation, and Crystallisation Mechanism

et al. 2017

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An energetic co-crystal consisting of the most promising military explosive 2, 4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, and the most well-known oxidant applied in propellants ammonium perchlorate has been prepared with a simple solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of co-crystal differs greatly from each component. The X-ray diffraction spectrum, FTIR, Raman spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry characterisation further prove the formation of the co-crystal. The result of determination of hygroscopic rate indicated the hygroscopicity was effectively reduced. At last, the crystallisation mechanism has been discussed. Defence Science Journal, Vol. 67, No. 5, September 2017, pp. 510-517, DOI : 10.14429/dsj.67.10188  2017 STuDY OF AN ENERGETIC-OXIDANT CO-CRYSTAL: PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION AND CRYSTALLISATION MECHANISM 511 to do differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. 2 mg -3 mg simple was weighed into alumina crucible each time. Test conditions were recorded with 20 mL/min nitrogen purge flow at 20 °C /min from 25 °C to 500 °C. SEM StudiesAs shown in Fig. 1, AP crystals tend to be spherical with rounded edges and corners, which particle size is approximately 100 μm. Raw CL-20 particles are more like irregular polyhedron with uneven size. However, CL-20/AP co-crystal, presenting cubo octahedron, varies greatly from the morphology of each single component. stretching respectively. However, these two bands shifted to 3209.30 cm -1 and 3054.41 cm -1 in the co-crystal. XRD CharacterisationThe XRD patterns of AP, CL-20 and co-crystal are presented in Fig. 5. The characteristic peaks of AP with 2θ-values of 19.52, 22.79, 24.00, and 24.75 are not present in the co-crystal pattern. In the case of CL-20, the characteristic peaks at 10.88°, 12.74°, 13.95°, 16.46°, 25.96° and 28.02° are not present in the co-crystal. However in the co-crystal, a new peak at about 12.06°, 13.67°, 27.49° and 41.75° formed after crystallisation. The result indicated that the pattern of the as prepared co-crystal differs enormously from each individual component. The appearance of the unique powder diffraction pattern is evidence for the formation of a new crystal. FT-IR SpectraThe FT-IR spectra of AP, CL-20 and co-crystal are as shown in Fig. 4 and 3281.29 cm -1 , respectively. Similarly, some characteristic absorption peaks of CL-20 also shift after crystallisation. Those phenomena may be caused by the hydrogen bond interactions involved in co-crystal formation which changes the symmetry characteristic. Raman SpectraThe Raman spectra of AP, CL-20 and co-crystal are presented in Fig. 5. Some characteristic peaks of AP and CL-20 are detected in the co-crystal from Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). Similar to FTIR, some peak shift also take place for Raman spectra which can be attributed to intermolecular hydrogen-bonding. For example, AP has band at 3212.38 cm Thermal PropertyAs shown in Fig. 6, CL-20/AP co-crystal presents a unique thermal property which is different from single componen...

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Dependence of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Stability of Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Multiscale Approach to Shock to Detonation Transition in Energetic Materials

Multiscale Approach to Shock to Detonation Transition in Energetic Materials

Application and Properties of Nano‐sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with Low Solid Content

Study of an Energetic-oxidant Co-crystal: Preparation, Characterisation, and Crystallisation Mechanism

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