Dependence of morphological changes of polymer particles on hydrophobic/hydrophilic additives

Nuisin, Roongkan; Ma, Guanghui; Omi, Shinzo; Kiatkamjornwong, Suda

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1013::aid-app8>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The amount of the BMA phase was varied from 20 to 50% in the monomer mixture in the presence of 5 wt % DOP of total monomer mixture. When the BMA phase is present at more than 50 wt %, the particles become flattened, which is in agreement with our previous work 15, 20. SEM micrographs of the poly(St‐ co ‐BMA) particles are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The influence of the content and molecular weight of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) on dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticization in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied. The plasticizing effects of DOP on the PVC plastisol were found to decrease with increasing LDPE content and LDPE molecular weight 15. Uniform poly(styrene‐ co ‐MMA) [poly(St‐ co ‐MMA)] microspheres were prepared using the SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uniform poly(styrene‐ co ‐MMA) [poly(St‐ co ‐MMA)] microspheres were prepared using the SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification technique. The additives containing ester groups in the emulsion droplets demonstrated that the compatibility between the hydrophobic additive and the monomer was responsible for the varied morphologies of the particles 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and property behavior of dioctyl phthalate plasticized styrene–acrylate particles by Shirasu porous glass emulsification and subsequent suspension copolymerization

Nuisin¹,

Omi²,

Kiatkamjornwong³

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two-phase model styrene-acrylate copolymers were synthesized with a soft phase consisting of methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and butyl methacrylate. Besides the styrenic copolymers, copolymers containing a hard phase of methyl methacylate and methyl acrylate were also synthesized. Comonomer droplets with a narrow size distribution and fair uniformity were prepared using an SPG (Shirasu porous glass) membrane having pore size of 0.90 m. After the single-step SPG emulsion, the emulsion droplets were composed mainly of monomers, hydrophobic additives, and an oil-soluble initiator, suspended in the aqueous phase containing a stabilizer and inhibitor. These were then transferred to a reactor, and subsequent suspension polymerization was carried out. Uniform copolymer particles with a mean diameter ranging from 3 to 7 m, depending on the recipe, with a narrow particle size distribution and a coefficient of variation of about 10% were achieved.Based on the glass-transition temperatures, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the resulting copolymer particles containing a soft phase of acrylate were better compatibilized with a hard phase of methyl methacrylate than with styrene with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) addition. Glass-transition temperatures of poly(MMA-co-MA) particles were strongly affected by the composition drift in the copolymer caused by their substantial difference in reactivity ratios. Incorporation of DOP in the copolymer particles does not significantly affect the glass-transition temperature of MMA-or MA-containing copolymer particles, but it does affect the St-containing copolymer and particle morphology of the copolymers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and property behavior of dioctyl phthalate plasticized styrene–acrylate particles by Shirasu porous glass emulsification and subsequent suspension copolymerization

Nuisin¹,

Omi²,

Kiatkamjornwong³

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Monomer droplets containing solvents, crosslinkers and an initiator, as well as a water‐insoluble oligomer, are formed by permeation through the membrane pores, suspended in the aqueous solution of stabilizing agents, and transferred to a reactor for polymerization. These preparations include polystyrene,37, 39, 49–51 polymethacrylate,52 poly(styrene‐ co ‐methyl methacrylate),53–55 poly(methyl methacrylate),39, 56–58 poly(styrene‐ co ‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate),59 poly(styrene‐ co ‐ N ‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) microspheres,50 and titanium dioxide–polystyrene particles 60. Microspheres were also prepared by these authors, by combining the membrane emulsification process and subsequent solvent evaporation, to prepare poly(styrene)–poly(methyl methacrylate),61–64 poly(lactide),65 polyurethane urea,36 magnetite66 and titanium dioxide microcapsules 67.…”

Section: Small‐scale Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The membrane emulsification process—a review

Charcosset

Limayem

Fessi

2004

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

308

213

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Membrane emulsification has received increasing attention over the last 10 years, with potential applications in many fields. In the membrane emulsification process, a liquid phase is pressed through the membrane pores to form droplets at the permeate side of a membrane; the droplets are then carried away by a continuous phase flowing across the membrane surface. Under specific conditions, monodispersed emulsions can be produced using this technique. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review on the membrane emulsification process including: principles of membrane emulsification, influence of process parameters and industrial applications. Small-scale applications such as drug delivery systems, food emulsions, and the production of monodispersed microspheres are also included. Compared with conventional techniques for emulsification, membrane processes offer advantages such as control of average droplet diameter by average membrane pore size and lower energy input.

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“…We developed an alternate method to prepare large monodispersed particles by one step,18–21 combining the SPG (Shirasu Porous Glass) membrane emulsion technique and subsequent suspension polymerization process. The SPG membrane is a special porous glass membrane with very uniform pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on preparation of monodispersed poly(styrene-co-N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) composite microspheres by SPG (Shirasu Porous Glass) emulsification technique

Nagai

Omi

2001

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Monodispersed poly(styrene‐co‐N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [P(St‐DMAEMA)] composite microspheres were prepared by employing a Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) emulsification technique. A mixture of monomer, hexadecane (HD), and initiator N,N′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADVN) was used as a dispersed phase and an aqueous phase containing stabilizer [poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)], sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and water‐soluble inhibitor [hydroquinone (HQ), diaminophenylene (DAP), or sodium nitrite (NaNO2)], was used as a continuous phase. The dispersed phase was permeated through the uniform pores of SPG membrane into the continuous phase by a gas pressure to form the uniform droplets. Then, the droplets were polymerized at 70°C. The effects of inhibitor, stabilizer, ADVN, and DMAEMA on the secondary nucleation, DMAEMA fraction in the polymer, conversion, and morphologies of the particles were investigated. It was found that the secondary nucleation was prevented effectively in the presence of HQ or DAP when PVP was used as the stabilizer. The secondary particle was observed when ADVN amount was raised to 0.3 g (/18 g monomer); however, no secondary nucleation occurred even by increasing DMAEMA fraction to 10 wt %. This result implied that the diffusion of ADVN into the aqueous phase was a main factor responsible to the secondary nucleation more than that of DMAEMA. The hollow particles were obtained when NaNO2 was used, while one‐hole particles formed in the other cases. By adding crosslinking agent, the hole disappeared and the monomer conversion was improved. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2408–2424, 2001

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Dependence of morphological changes of polymer particles on hydrophobic/hydrophilic additives

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Synthesis and property behavior of dioctyl phthalate plasticized styrene–acrylate particles by Shirasu porous glass emulsification and subsequent suspension copolymerization

Synthesis and property behavior of dioctyl phthalate plasticized styrene–acrylate particles by Shirasu porous glass emulsification and subsequent suspension copolymerization

The membrane emulsification process—a review

Study on preparation of monodispersed poly(styrene-co-N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) composite microspheres by SPG (Shirasu Porous Glass) emulsification technique

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