Dependence of kinetic variables in the short-term release of Hg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions into synthetic saliva from an high-copper dental amalgam

Abstract

The short term (up to 14 days after restoration) release of selected ions (i.e., Hg(2+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+)) from Dispersalloy into artificial saliva has been evaluated in regards to the nature of the saliva (Fusayama and McCarty and Shklar's solutions), the amount of amalgam, the time of contact and the periodical renewal (every 48 h interval) of artificial saliva. The evaluation of the ionic fraction of such metals has been accomplished by using anodic stripping methods (i.e., Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, DPASV) with a 7 microm graphite disk microelectrode as a working electrode. Data obtained in this work are almost unprecedented in the literature due the fact that such analytical method exclude metals in non-ionic forms (e.g., metals or organometallic compounds). The high concentrations measured in every experimental condition confirm the concern for the short-term release of metals from amalgam into saliva.

In vitro genotoxicity of root canal sealers

“…As reported, concentrations of zinc ions in the inorganic solvent due to its leaching from zinc‐based materials varied from 0.26 μg mL −1 to 0.30 μg mL −1 (Czarnecka et al. 2003, Campus et al. 2007).…”

“…As reported, concentrations of zinc ions in the inorganic solvent due to its leaching from zinc-based materials varied from 0.26 lg mL )1 to 0.30 lg mL )1 (Czarnecka et al 2003, Campus et al 2007). Campus et al (2007) reported that the concentration of eugenol released after 24 h of elution from ZnOE based sealers was 0.46 · 10 )5 mol L )1 . As previously discussed, detected concentrations of Zn 2+ and eugenol are able to exhibit cyto/genotoxic effects.…”

“…2007). Campus et al. (2007) reported that the concentration of eugenol released after 24 h of elution from ZnOE based sealers was 0.46 × 10 −5 mol L −1 .…”

Recent Developments in Stripping Analysis on Microelectrodes

“…SW ASV SW CSV [196][197][198] Ag-Cu alloy disk ( = 80 μm) Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni Laboratory solutions, river waters DP ASV Ad CSV [103] Au disk ( = 12.5 μm) Imipramine antidepressant Commercial pharmaceutical samples, human urine and plasma LS ASV [199] Au disks ( = 25, 125 μm) Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn Laboratory solutions, river and sea waters DP ASV, SW ASV [45] Au wire ( =5 μm, 0.5 mm lenght) Inorganic As(III, V) Sea and freshwaters SW ASV [200] Vibrating Au wire ( =25 μm, 0.5 mm lenght) Cu Seawater SW ASV [63] Carbon disk ( = 7 μm) Hg, Cu, Zn Synthetic saliva DP ASV [201] (1) abbreviations: ASV, anodic stripping voltammetry; CSV, cathodic stripping voltammetry; AdSV, adsorptive stripping voltammetry: SCP; LS, linear sweep; DP, differential pulse; SW, square wave Au disk ( =100 μm) ex situ S(-II) Sea water LS CSV [102] Carbon paste (( =50-300 μm) In situ Pb, Cd, Laboratory solutions, tap water SW ASV [101] (1) abbreviations: ASV, anodic stripping voltammetry; CSV, cathodic stripping voltammetry; AdSV, adsorptive stripping voltammetry; LS, linear sweep; DP, differential pulse; SW, square wave. Fig.…”