Dependence of Ionospheric Responses on Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure During Geomagnetic Storms Using Global Long‐Term GNSS‐TEC Data

Abstract

The arrival of a strong southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) at the dayside magnetopause enhances the magnetospheric convection associated with the merging of the southward IMF and Earth's magnetic field, which transports hot plasma sheet particles into the inner magnetosphere and forms a ring current that depresses the H-component of the geomagnetic field at mid-and low-latitudes. This magnetic signature is known as a geomagnetic storm. Furthermore, a part of the injected plasma sheet particles is carried along the magnetic field lines and precipitated into the atmosphere at the auroral zone as high-energy particle precipitation, resulting in auroral oval emissions (