Dependence of ground heat loss upon solar pond size and perimeter insulation calculated and experimental results

Hull, J.R.; Liu, K.V.; Sha, W.T.; Kamal, Jyoti; Nielsen, Carl E.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(84)90113-0

Cited by 50 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Govaer [6] accounts for seasonal changes in ground temperature, but few account for the effect of a vertical temperature profile in the ground. Hull developed a semi-empirical method which uses the distance from the bottom of the pool to a constant temperature sink, the ground conductivity and pool dimensions [8]. The model presented here includes an analysis of conduction, but assumes a constant ground temperature, even across seasons, and a soil conductivity of 0.52 W/m-K [9].…”

Section: Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners: Model design and experimental validation for natural thermal behavior of the pool

Woolley

Harrington

Modera

2011

Building and Environment

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Section: Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners: Model design and experimental validation for natural thermal behavior of the pool

Woolley

Harrington

Modera

2011

Building and Environment

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“…In the design of the first solar pond which is prepared is a reservoir of seawater using a reservoir of water which is usually found in water reservoirs in housing, then the shelter is cut at the top so that the sea water surface can receive light the sun as a whole [13,14]. The stages of this research are aimed at monitoring several types of changes that occur in the scope of the research primarily on seawater reservoirs, among others: solar UV intensity, ambient light level, ambient temperature, air humidity, water ph, water bath temperature, and salinity level like water.…”

Section: Design Proposed Research Methods For Solar Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Monitoring of Salinity Gradient and Solar Pond Temperatures

Muslimin¹,

Siswanto²,

Gunadin³

et al. 2020

MATEC Web Conf.

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Electric energy is an important factor for human needs, functions as lighting, and various human activities. The large amount of electrical energy needs demands to create various alternative electrical energy. Alternative energy uses renewable energy sources to avoid crisis and energy scarcity. The National Energy Policy (KEN) has encouraged the government and the private sector and the public to use energy effectively and efficiently, and to utilize renewable energy. The direction of national energy policy includes reducing dependence on fossil fuels, specifically petroleum. Utilization of renewable energy is needed for the sustainability of national energy supply and reserves. Indonesia is called a maritime country, because 2/3 of Indonesia’s territory is the sea with the longest coastline in the world, which is ± 80,791. 42 Km and is also called an archipelagic country because it has thousands of islands. This natural situation is a great potential for the development of renewable energy, especially the energy sourced from the sea spread wide and very abundant, namely solar pond. One of the alternative sources of renewable energy sourced from the sea currently not developed in Indonesia is solar ponds, even though Indonesia has a huge geographical potential to develop this technology. There are at least two potential parameters for building a solar pond, first because Indonesia has a tropical climate with a large enough intensity of sun, second because Indonesia is a maritime country surrounded by sea, so the availability of raw water is very abundant. Solar pond is not a new power generation technology. In the history of electricity generation technology in Indonesia, this technology has never been tested and implemented at all. In this study, it has a long-term goal of generating electricity from solar ponds. Solar pond technology is a type of environmentally friendly power plant, based on seawater using sunlight to get the difference in heat in the solar pool so that the thermal layer can be converted into electrical energy. The specific targets, namely data salinity and temperature data on the prototype solar pond have been realized in the form of cylindrical with a height of 1. 05m and a diameter of 0. 8 meters. Solar pool research, in line with the goal of national transformation as a significant contributor to the benefit of the Indonesian Maritime Continent. In line with the development of electricity generation technology, solar pond technology has never been implemented in Indonesia, so this research is in accordance with the 2016-2020 National Strategic Plan number 51868 / UN4. 1 / PR. 04 / 2016.

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“…Hull and Scranton empirically expressed the heat transfer with ground as the conductive heat transfer between lake (pond) water and local groundwater table. 14 The heat flux at lake (pond) bottom is then given by…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the application of closed-loop lake water heat pump systems for lakefront buildings in south China climates

Xiao

Zhang

2014

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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The performance of closed-loop lake water heat pump (LWHP) systems is primarily influenced by lake area, lake depth, and local climate. In this study, a systemic model for closed-loop LWHP systems was developed for the system performance analysis. Field measurements of the heat transfer coefficient of submerged coils were conducted under various conditions for the purpose of model application. The model has been used for the dynamic simulations of a closed-loop LWHP system in Zhuzhou, a city in south China. The daily average coefficient of performance of the system was found to be within the range of 2.8 to 3.2 in 183 days of the 229-day cooling and heating seasons. The influences of lake area and depth on system performance were analyzed through the comparisons among the hourly entering fluid temperatures in three scenarios. The comparison results indicate that deep lakes are more favorable for cooling performance improvement than for heating performance improvement. For two lakes with identical volume, the deeper lake is more favorable for cooling performance improvement than the larger lake except in September. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. NOMENCLATURE Ahorizontal lake area (m 2 ) B atmospheric pressure (kPa) c f specific heat of circulating fluid (J/kg C) c w specific heat of water (J/kg C) C D coefficient of aerodynamic resistance d g distance from lake bottom to groundwater table (m) e a partial vapor pressure of air (kPa) e w saturation partial vapor pressure at lake surface water temperature (kPa) E z vertical heat diffusion coefficient of lake water body (m 2 /s) E 0 vertical heat diffusion coefficient in a neutrally buoyant water body (m 2 /s) F inner surface area of submerged coils (m 2 ) h time step (s) H pumping head of pump (m) k d decay coefficient of drift velocity (m À1 ) K heat transfer coefficient of submerged coils (W/m 2 C) L cooling/heating load (W) M mass flow rate of circulating fluid in submerged coils (kg/s) a) xchen126@126.com b)NTU number of transfer units q c convective heat transfer rate at lake water surface (W/m 2 ) q e evaporative heat loss at lake water surface (W/m 2 ) q r net long-wave radiation between sky and water surface (W/m 2 ) q s solar radiation (W/m 2 ) Q thermal load of submerged coils (W) r a reflectance of water surface to atmospheric radiation r s reflectance of water surface to solar radiation R i Richardson number R p part-load ratio of heat pumps t time (s) T lake water temperature as a function of depth and time ( C) T a air temperature ( C) T b bottom water temperature ( C) T g local groundwater temperature ( C) T s lake surface water temperature ( C) T 1 inlet fluid temperature of submerged coils ( C) T 2 outlet fluid temperature of submerged coils ( C) U wind speed 2 m above water surface (m/s) U 10 wind speed at a height of 10 m (m/s) W f frictional velocity due to wind stress (m/s) W p power consumption of pump (W) W s drift velocity at water surface (m/s) z water depth (m) DT temperature difference between two adjacent volume elements ( C) Dz depth of hor...

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Dependence of ground heat loss upon solar pond size and perimeter insulation calculated and experimental results

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners: Model design and experimental validation for natural thermal behavior of the pool

Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners: Model design and experimental validation for natural thermal behavior of the pool

Real Time Monitoring of Salinity Gradient and Solar Pond Temperatures

Study on the application of closed-loop lake water heat pump systems for lakefront buildings in south China climates

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