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Background and aims Organic inputs have a positive effect on the soil organic matter balance. They are therefore an important asset for soil fertility and crop growth. This study quantifies the additional yield effect due to organic inputs for arable crops in Europe when macronutrients are not a limiting factor. Methods A meta-analysis was performed using data from 20 long-term experiments in Europe. Maxima of yield response curves to nitrogen were compared, with and without organic inputs, under abundant P and K supply. Results We were surprised to find that, across all experiments, the mean additional yield effect of organic inputs was not significant (+ 1.4 % ± 1.6 (95 % confidence interval)). In specific cases however, especially for root and tuber crops, spring sown cereals, or for very sandy soils or wet climates, organic inputs did increase attainable yields. A significant correlation was found between increase in attainable yields and increase in soil organic matter content. Conclusions Aggregating data from 20 long-term experiments in Europe, this study shows that organic inputs and/ or soil organic matter do not necessarily increase yields, given sufficient nutrients are supplied by mineral fertilisers. Results show the relevance of some environmental factors for additional yield effect of organic inputs, but no simple relation between organic inputs and crop growth.
Background and aims Organic inputs have a positive effect on the soil organic matter balance. They are therefore an important asset for soil fertility and crop growth. This study quantifies the additional yield effect due to organic inputs for arable crops in Europe when macronutrients are not a limiting factor. Methods A meta-analysis was performed using data from 20 long-term experiments in Europe. Maxima of yield response curves to nitrogen were compared, with and without organic inputs, under abundant P and K supply. Results We were surprised to find that, across all experiments, the mean additional yield effect of organic inputs was not significant (+ 1.4 % ± 1.6 (95 % confidence interval)). In specific cases however, especially for root and tuber crops, spring sown cereals, or for very sandy soils or wet climates, organic inputs did increase attainable yields. A significant correlation was found between increase in attainable yields and increase in soil organic matter content. Conclusions Aggregating data from 20 long-term experiments in Europe, this study shows that organic inputs and/ or soil organic matter do not necessarily increase yields, given sufficient nutrients are supplied by mineral fertilisers. Results show the relevance of some environmental factors for additional yield effect of organic inputs, but no simple relation between organic inputs and crop growth.
The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes in a long-term field experiment on one of the international IOSDV network sites, were evaluated. The experiment was set up in 1983 in Lukavec, Czech Republic, within a potato growing region on a sandy-loam soil. The experiment includes three systems of organic fertilization: Without manure; manure added for the potatoes; and cereal straw ploughed-down, in combination with increasing nitrogen (N) rates from 0-160 kg N ha 71 or 0-200 kg N ha 71 , for cereals and potatoes, respectively. The results of two rotations, during the years 2002-2007, were analyzed. Nitrogen rates had a strong effect on the yields of all crops (p 5 0.001). The highest average yields of the cereals 7.2-7.4 t ha 71 (wheat), and 5.2-5.5 t ha 71 (barley) were attained with nitrogen rates of 120 or 160 kg ha 71 . With potatoes the highest yields of 46-54 t ha 71 were observed with 150 or 200 kg N ha 71 . The yield differences between the two highest N levels were small and not significant. Organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the yields of all crops (p 5 0.001), with increasing N rates the effect diminished. Manure and straw yield effects for the most part can be attributed to the nitrogen in the manure and the extra N added for better decomposition of the straw. The strong effects of the year conditions upon the yields of all crops (p 5 0.001) were moderated by the N level. The coefficient of variability decreased with increasing N levels from 37-22% (wheat), from 33-16% (barley), and from 32-20% (potatoes).
A study was conducted to determine the hot water extractable organic carbon (HWOC) in 9 arable and 3 non arable soil samples on Haplic Chernozem. The hot water extractable carbon represents assimilative component of the total organic matter (OM) that could contain readily available nutrients for plant growth. The obtained fraction of organic carbon (C) makes up only a small percentage of the soil OM and directly reflects the changes in the rhizosphere. This labile fraction of the organic matter was separated by hot water extraction at 80°C. In our study the HWOC content in different samples ranged from 125 mg g -1 to 226 mg g -1 . On the plots that are under native vegetation, higher values were determined (316 mg g -1 to 388 mg g -1 ). Whereas samples from arable soils were lower in HWOC. It was found that this extraction method can be successfully used to explain the dynamics of the soil OM. Soil samples with lower content of the total OM had lower HWOC content, indicating that the preservation of the OM depends on the renewal of its labile fractions.Keywords: organic matter, hot water extractable carbon, Chernozem, cropping systems DITAILED ABSTRACT IN NATIVE LANGUAGE U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja organskog ugljenika ekstrahovanog toplom vodom (HWOC) sa oraničnih parcela i zemljišta pod prirodnom vegetacijom. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja uzeti su uzorci na 9 različitih sistema ratarenja sa različitim kombinacijama đubrenja, odnosno sa livade, šume i ruderalnog staništa. Ugljenik rastvorljiv u toploj vodi se smatra labilnom frakcijom (LF) organske materije koji se dobija ekstrakcijom u vodenom kupatilu na 80°C. Analiza ukupne organske 1479Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2013, 14(4), p.1479-1487 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/14.4.1382 1496 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2013, 14(4), p.1496-1504 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/14.4.1382 2 materije (OM) je pokazala da postoji opadajući trend njenog sadržaja u zemljištu. Uzorci poreklom sa ne poljoprivrednog zemljišta su imali najveći sadržaj ukupne OM. Poređenjem oraničnih površina, parcele đubrene stajnjakom imaju veći sadržaj ukupne OM u poređenju sa parcelama koje se đubre samo sa mineralnim đubrivima. Sadržaj HWOC na oraničnim površinama se kretao od 125 μg g -1 do 226 μg g -1 . Na parcelama pod prirodnom vegetacijom dobijene su veće vrednosti HWOC (316 μg g -1 do 388 μg g -1 ). Utvrđeno je da primenjena metoda ekstrakcije može da posluži u opisivanju dinamike OM zemljišta. Uzorci zemljišta sa manjim sadržajem ukupne OM imali su i manji sadržaj HWOC što ukazuje da očuvanje OM zavisi od obnavljanja njene labilne frakcije.Ključne reči: organska materija, ugljenik rastvorljiv u toploj vodi, černozem, bsistemi ratarenja
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